Table 4.
Summary estimates of diagnostic accuracy from non-autopsy studies, according to imaging finding and method
| Imaging finding | Number of studies | Sample size | Sensitivity (95% CI) | tau2 for sensitivity | Specificity (95% CI) | tau2 for specificity | Positive likelihood ratio (95% CI) | Negative likelihood ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CT | ||||||||
| Global assessment |
2 |
107 |
62 (50,72) |
0.01 |
94 (1,100) |
16.45 |
9.61 (0.01, 6410) |
0.41 (0.24, 0.69) |
| White matter hyperintensities |
11 |
196 |
71 (53,85) |
1.53 |
55 (44,66) |
0.48 |
1.58 (1.26, 1.98) |
0.52 (0.32, 0.85) |
| Periventricular hyperintensities |
3 |
354 |
49 (39,59) |
0 |
69 (33,91) |
1.48 |
1.57 (0.55, 4.44) |
0.74 (0.45, 1.24) |
| Lacunar infarcts |
3 |
667 |
42 (9,85) |
2.93 |
86 (43,98) |
2.74 |
3.22 (0.34, 30.9) |
0.66 (0.27, 1.66) |
| Non-lacunar infarcts |
2 |
1900 |
45 (34,56) |
0 |
80 (68,88) |
0.03 |
2.23 (1.34, 3.70) |
0.69 (0.55, 0.87) |
| General infarcts |
4 |
381 |
52 (22,80) |
1.66 |
96 (93,98) |
0 |
12.22 (5.59, 26.7) |
0.50 (0.25, 1.01) |
| Basal ganglia hyperintensities |
1 |
163 |
86 (78,92) |
- |
38 (28,49) |
- |
1.32 (1.09, 1.60) |
0.38 (0.20, 0.73) |
| MRI | ||||||||
| Global assessment |
4 |
170 |
69 (36,90) |
1.57 |
86 (45,98) |
3.14 |
4.86 (1.10, 21.5) |
0.36 (0.16, 0.80) |
| White matter hyperintensities |
6 |
334 |
95 (87,98) |
0.75 |
26 (12,50) |
1.41 |
1.29 (1.01, 1.66) |
0.19 (0.07, 0.48) |
| Periventricular hyperintensities |
7 |
315 |
92 (70,98) |
3.61 |
24 (6,60) |
4.45 |
1.19 (0.88, 1.63) |
0.33 (0.10, 1.10) |
| Lacunar infarcts |
4 |
599 |
75 (40,93) |
1.82 |
83 (58,95) |
1.45 |
4.49 (1.87, 10.8) |
0.30 (0.11, 0.82) |
| Non-lacunar infarcts |
4 |
514 |
53 (41,65) |
0.13 |
91 (85,95) |
0.05 |
6.11 (3.13, 11.9) |
0.52 (0.39, 0.68) |
| General infarcts |
3 |
955 |
53 (36,70) |
0.21 |
96 (94,97) |
0 |
13.08 (7.64, 22.4) |
0.49 (0.35, 0.71) |
| Basal ganglia hyperintensities | 4 | 396 | 77 (66,85) | 0.10 | 78 (67,86) | 0.17 | 3.46 (2.14, 5.60) | 0.29 (0.18, 0.48) |