Figure 3.

Induction of apoptosis in CA46 cells by baicalin. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and flow cytometry were used to determine the percentages of cells in apoptosis. Viable, early apoptotic, late apoptotic, and necrotic cells were determined after 48 h treatments with baicalin at varying concentrations. Cells were treated with baicalin at (A) 0, (B) 10, (C) 20, and (D) 40 μM. Bottom left quadrants, viable cells; bottom right quadrants, early apoptotic cells; top right quadrants, late apoptotic cells; top left quadrants, necrotic cells. (E) Percentages of cells in apoptosis at each baicalin concentration. Cells in the bottom right and top right quadrants were summed to obtain the percentage of all cells in apoptosis. Findings are presented as the means of three similar experiments ± standard deviation. (F) CA46 cells were treated for 48 h with baicalin at 0 (lane 1), 10 (lane 2), 20 (lane 3), and 40 (lane 4) μM. Cellular DNA was extracted and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis as described in Materials and methods. Gels were stained with ethidium bromide and photographed. Lane M presents migration of D2000-Markers (100, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 2000 bp). Findings are representative of those obtained on three separate occasions. *P <0.05 compared to the solvent control; ^†P <0.05 compared to 10 μM baicalin; ^‡P <0.05 compared to 20 μM baicalin.