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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2012 Mar 5;48(5):1463–1475. doi: 10.1037/a0027471

Table 4.

Parameter Estimates From the CSM Allowing Effects Predicting Acceleration Terms From Ages 16–17 to Vary From Those Predicting Acceleration at Ages 14–15

Predictor B β SE z p
Intercepts
    Initial level 3.23 1.62 0.38 8.60 <.001
    Initial growth −0.39 −0.80 0.36 −1.08 .280
    Annual acceleration 0.08 0.13 0.54 0.15 .878
Proportional change
    ADt-1 on ΔΔADt (g) −0.31 −0.82a 0.17 −1.84 .066
    ΔADt-1 on ΔΔADt (h) −1.53 −0.90b 0.18 −8.75 <.001
Effects of race
    African American on initial level −0.46 −0.09 0.34 −1.36 .173
    African American on initial growth −0.70 −0.55 0.34 −2.09 .037
    African American on acceleration −0.47 −0.27 0.20 −2.37 .018
Effects of sex
    Female on initial level 0.56 0.14 0.24 2.38 .017
    Female on initial growth 0.16 0.17 0.22 0.74 .462
    Female on acceleration 0.44 0.33 0.16 2.71 .007
Effects of stress
    SLE12 on initial level 0.18 0.18 0.12 1.48 .139
    SLE13 on initial growth 0.22 1.00 0.12 1.78 .076
    SLE14–15 on acceleration (14–15) 0.14 0.39c 0.09 1.59 .111
    SLE16–17 on acceleration (16–17) 0.30 0.95d 0.06 5.45 <.001
Effects of genotype
    Gene on initial level −0.15 −0.06 0.28 −0.53 .594
    Gene on initial growth −0.03 −0.04 0.26 −0.11 .910
    Gene on acceleration (14–15) −0.05 −0.05e 0.12 −0.40 .688
    Gene on acceleration (16–17) 0.12 0.11f 0.11 1.07 .286
Effects of Gene × Stress interaction
    G×E12 on initial level 0.10 0.17 0.09 1.12 .265
    G×E13 on initial growth −0.04 −0.30 0.09 −0.47 .642
    G×E14–15 on acceleration (14–15) 0.03 0.12g 0.05 0.54 .592
    G×E16–17 on acceleration (16–17) −0.10 −0.54h 0.04 −2.61 .009

Note. Values with superscript letters represent mean standardized estimates (from multiple standardized estimates of multiple paths: e.g., the values listed below for superscript a represent the four standardized estimates from the four g paths in Figure 2). CSM = change score model; AD = anxious/depressed symptoms; SLE = stressful life events.

a

(−0.89, −0.84, −0.79, −0.75).

b

(−1.01, −0.91, −0.85, −0.84).

c

(0.35, 0.42).

d

(0.95, 0.95).

e

(−0.04, −0.05).

f

(0.11, 0.12).

g

(0.11, 0.14).

h

(−0.55, −0.53).