Table 3.

Multivariable Associations between Diabetes Status and Sexual Activity and Functioning Among Participants

	Less Than Monthly Sexual Activity		Low Sexual Desire*		Low Sexual Satisfaction†		Low Level of Sexual Arousal‡		Difficulty With Lubrication§		Difficulty With Orgasm||		Pain or Discomfort With Intercourse¶
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Insulin-treated diabetic compared with nondiabetic	1.27 (0.85–1.91)	.25	1.17 (0.79–1.72)	.43	2.04 (1.32–3.15)	.001	1.19 (0.62-2.29)	0.6	2.37 (1.35-4.16)	0.003	1.80 (1.01-3.20)	0.05	1.52 (0.76-3.06)	0.24
Noninsulin-treated diabetic compared with nondiabetic	1.21 (0.92–1.58)	.17	1.09 (0.85–1.42)	.49	1.42 (1.03–1.94)	.03	1.09 (0.67-1.67)	0.82	1.01 (0.65-1.58)	0.97	1.02 (0.65-1.58)	0.94	0.95 (0.56-1.62)	0.85

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Odds ratios and confidence intervals derived from logistic regression models, adjusted for age, race or ethnicity, relationship status, history of sex with men, women or both, parity, menopause status, hysterectomy, oophorectomy, body mass index, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use, and estrogen use.

Separate models were developed for each sexual function outcome. Less than monthly sexual activity, low sexual desire, and low sexual satisfaction were assessed in all participants regardless of sexual activity status, whereas low level of sexual arousal, difficulty with lubrication, difficulty with orgasm, and pain or discomfort with intercourse were assessed only in women reporting some sexual activity in the past 3 months.

^*Women were considered to have low sexual desire if they reported that their level of sexual desire or interest was low, very low, or none.

^†Women were considered to have “low sexual satisfaction” if they reported their overall level of sexual satisfaction was moderately dissatisfied or very dissatisfied.

^‡Women were considered to have “low sexual arousal” if they reported their level of sexual arousal during sexual activity was low, very low, or none.

^§Women were considered to have “difficulty with lubrication” if they reported it was difficult, very difficult, extremely difficult, or impossible to become lubricated during sexual activity.

^□ Women were considered to have “difficulty with orgasm” if they reported that it was difficult, very difficult, extremely difficult, or impossible to reach orgasm during sexual stimulation or intercourse.

^¶Women were considered to have pain or discomfort with intercourse if they reported their level of discomfort or pain during or after vaginal penetration was moderate, high, or very high.