Helenalin (HLN) inhibits cytokine-induced NF-κB reporter activation in 3-day differentiated C2C12 (A–C) and L6 (D) myotubes. A: dose-response curve of HLN inhibition for TNF-α-induced NF-κB reporter activity at 4 h; 50% inhibition of TNF-α-induced NF-κB activity is at 1 μM HLN. B: time course of TNF-α-induced NF-κB activity, with or without HLN (2 μM). Values plotted are fold change compared with untreated reporter-transfected myotubes. C: NF-κB activity fold change in TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, or TWEAK-treated C2C12 myotubes (4 h), with or without 2 μM HLN. D: L6 myotubes treated as in C. Values are means ± SE. *P < 0.05 vs. control. †P < 0.05 vs. cytokine.