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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jul 25.
Published in final edited form as: Stroke. 2010 Oct 7;41(11):2618–2624. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.593327

Figure 1. TNFα-induces reductions in stria vascularis blood flow and capillary diameter by a S1P2 receptor-dependent mechanism.

Figure 1

Using a cochlear window preparation, alterations in guinea pig cochlear blood flow and capillary diameter were assessed in vivo. (A) Capillaries in the convex area of the cochlear second turn were visualized using epi-illumination following intravenous injection of FITC-labeled dextran. The inspection area is outlined by a white box. Superfusion of a cochlear window with TNFα (1ng/ml, 20min) reduced both (B) blood flow (measured as red blood cell velocity) and (C) capillary diameter (n=6). Pre-treatment with the S1P2 receptor antagonist JTE013 (10µmol/L for 10min) significantly attenuated both effects of TNFα.