Table 3.
Incidence Rates of Respiratory Virus Detection by Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and Multiplex Assay
| Variable | TIV (n = 69) |
Placebo (n = 46) |
P Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Ratea | (95% CI) | No. | Ratea | (95% CI) | ||
| Any seasonal influenza | 3 | 58 | (19–180) | 3 | 88 | (28–270) | .61 |
| Seasonal influenza A (H1N1) | 2 | 39 | (10–160) | 2 | 59 | (15–240) | .68 |
| Seasonal influenza A (H3N2) | 1 | 19 | (3–140) | 0 | 0 | (0–88) | .31 |
| Seasonal influenza B | 0 | 0 | (0–58) | 1 | 29 | (4–210) | .17 |
| Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) | 3 | 58 | (19–180) | 0 | 0 | (0–88) | .08 |
| Any noninfluenza virusb | 20 | 390 | (250–600) | 3 | 88 | (28–270) | <.01 |
| Rhinovirus | 12 | 230 | (130–410) | 2 | 59 | (15–240) | .04 |
| Coxsackie/echovirus | 8 | 160 | (78–310) | 0 | 0 | (0–88) | <.01 |
| Other respiratory virusc | 5 | 97 | (40–230) | 1 | 29 | (4–210) | .22 |
| ARI episode with specimen collected but no virus detected | 19 | 369 | (235–578) | 14 | 412 | (244–696) | .75 |
| ARI episode with no specimen collected | 41 | 796 | (586–1080) | 28 | 824 | (569–1190) | .89 |
Incidence rates are from respiratory specimens collected from 115 participants aged 6–15 years who received trivalent influenza vaccine or placebo during 134 acute respiratory illness episodes.
Abbreviations: ARI, acute respiratory illness; CI, confidence interval; TIV, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine.
a Incidence rates were estimated as the no. of virus detections or illness episodes per 1000 person-years of follow-up. ARI was defined as at least 2 of the following symptoms: body temperature ≥37.8°C, cough, sore throat, headache, runny nose, phlegm, and myalgia.
b In TIV recipients there were 4 detections with both rhinovirus and coxsackie/echovirus, and 1 detection with both coxsackie/echovirus and coronavirus NL63.
c Including positive detections of coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The ResPlex II multiplex array tested for 19 virus targets including influenza types A and B (including 2009-H1N1), RSV types A and B, parainfluenza types 1–4, metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, coxsackievirus/echovirus, adenovirus types B and E, bocavirus, and coronavirus types NL63, HKU1, 229E, and OC43.