Table 4.
Comparison of health and functional indices by levels of reporting bias and accuracy (adjusted for age and education for continuous variables)
| Variable | Levels of reporting bias | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LER1 | TER2 | HER3 | ||||
| UE4 N=44 |
UR5 N=84 |
CR6 N=53 |
IR7 N=79 |
OE8 N=8 |
OR9 N=28 |
|
| Fair/poor health (self rated), % | 7 (15.9) | 11 (13.1) | 14 (26.4) | 16 (20.3) | 1 (12.5) | 5 (17.9) |
| No. of medications, mean (SD) | 5.7 (3.9) | 4.9 (4.1) | 5.9 (4.2) | 4.8 (3.2) | 4.1 (3.5) | 4.4 (3.7) |
| EPESE score, mean (SD) | 10.4 (1.3) | 10.3 (1.2) | 10.2 (1.4) | 10.1 (1.4) | 10.1 (1.8) | 10.3 (1.7) |
| Timed 20 meter walk (seconds), mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.2 | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.2) |
| Cognitive function-3MS, mean (SD)**# | 89.7 (10.1) | 91.2 (7.5) | 89.0 (9.5) | 87.3 (9.9) | 77.5 (13.0) | 87.5 (6.2) |
| Depression-CES-D-10 score, mean (SD) | 4.5 (4.5) | 3.5 (3.4) | 4.7 (4.4) | 4.5 (3.7) | 5.6 (4.2) | 4.2 (3.8) |
| Systolic BP, mean (SD) | 135.8 (19.9) | 138.7 (22.5) | 138.3 (19.5) | 133.8 (20.9) | 140.8 (22.5) | 142.3 (22.6) |
| Diastolic BP, mean (SD) | 72.5 (13.1) | 74.2 (10.6) | 70.9 (11.9) | 71.1 (11.8) | 71.8 (16.3) | 75.0 (11.5) |
#
P value between LER, TER and HER <0.05
*
P between the 6 groups <0.05
**
P<0.01
1
LER: low energy reporters
2
TER: “true” energy reporters
3
HER: high energy reporters
4
UE: undereaters
5
UR: underreporters
6
CR: correct reporters
7
IR: incorrect reporters
8
OE: overeaters
9
OR: overreporters