Table 2.
Characteristics of matched cases and controls.a
| Cases (n = 168) | Controls (n = 334) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race | 0.6360e | ||
| Missing | 0 (–) | 1 (–) | |
| Non-Caucasian | 6 (3.6%) | 15 (4.5%) | |
| Caucasian | 162 (96.4%) | 318 (95.5%) | |
| Pack-years among smokers | 0.0004e | ||
| Missing | 0 (–) | 6 (–) | |
| 0–40 | 44 (26.2%) | 137 (41.8%) | |
| 41–60 | 59 (35.1%) | 97 (29.6%) | |
| >60 | 59 (35.1%) | 82 (25%) | |
| Smoking cessationb | <0.0001e | ||
| Early quitters (Quit ≥1 year before diagnosis/questionnaire) | 85 (50.6%) | 177 (53%) | |
| Recent quitters (Quit <1 year before diagnosis/questionnaire) | 64 (38.1%) | 20 (6%) | |
| Never quitters | 19 (11.3%) | 137 (41%) | |
| Overall quality of life (QOL)c, N | 163 | 334 | <0.0001f |
| Mean (SD) | 63.4 (23.2) | 80.9 (15.9) | <0.0001g |
| Range | (0.0–100.0) | (20.0–100.0) | |
| Pain, N | 163 | 333 | <0.0001f |
| Mean (SD) | 79.6 (23.0) | 69.2 (25.3) | <0.0001g |
| Range | (0.0–100.0) | (10.0–100.0) | |
| Fatigue, N | 168 | 334 | <0.0001f |
| Mean (SD) | 48.5 (23.0) | 63.8 (25.2) | <0.0001g |
| Range | (0.0–100.0) | (0.0–100.0) | |
| Coughing, N | 167 | 334 | 0.0059f |
| Mean (SD) | 68.6 (23.5) | 74.7 (22.9) | 0.0017g |
| Range | (5.0–100.0) | (0.0–100.0) | |
| Dyspnea, N | 168 | 333 | 0.0003f |
| Mean (SD) | 58.5 (26.9) | 67.8 (26.2) | 0.0022g |
| Range | (0.0–100.0) | (0.0–100.0) | |
| Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance statusc | <0.0001e | ||
| Missing | 2 (–) | 0 (–) | |
| Fully active | 21 (12.7%) | 185 (55.6%) | |
| Light work | 100 (60.2%) | 136 (40.8%) | |
| Unable to work and worse | 45 (27.1%) | 12 (3.6%) | |
| Appetite changec,d | <0.0001e | ||
| Missing | 5 (–) | 0 (–) | |
| Increased/same | 78 (47.9%) | 260 (77.8%) | |
| Reduced | 85 (52.1%) | 74 (22.2%) |
a
Matching variables: age, sex, and smoking status.
b
Time relative to diagnosis date for cases and date of questionnaire for controls.
c
Used the first questionnaire returned within the 1-year time frame for cases.
d
Appetite change since diagnosis for cases and appetite change since 1 year ago for controls.
e
Conditional logistic regression.
f
Mixed-effect model with matched set as a random effect.
g
Mixed-effect model with matched set as a random effect, includes pack-years and smoking cessation as covariates.