Table 1. POISE study group characteristics by return to paid work in the first year after stroke (univariates).
| Returned to paid work† | |||||
| (n = 271) | |||||
| Yes (n = 202) | No (n = 69) | Odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | p-value | |
| Before stroke | |||||
| Male | 149/202 (74%) | 47/69 (68%) | 1·32 | 0·73 to 2·39 | 0.37 |
| *Age, mean (±SD) | 50·7 (10·1) | 52·9 (9·3) | 0·98 | 0·95 to 1·01 | 0.11 |
| *Education | |||||
| School certificate or less (ref) | 57/201 (28%) | 29/69 (42%) | 1 | ||
| HSC/trade certificate | 55/201 (27%) | 19/69 (28%) | 1·47 | 0·74 to 2·93 | 0.27 |
| *Diploma/degree | 89/201 (44%) | 21/69 (30%) | 2·16 | 1·12 to 4·14 | 0.21 |
| *Marital status | |||||
| Never married | 30/202 (15%) | 5/69 (7%) | 2·67 | 0·87 to 8·13 | 0.08 |
| Married/defacto | 136/202 (67%) | 48/69 (70%) | 1·26 | 0·64 to 2·47 | 0.50 |
| Other (ref) | 36/202 (18%) | 16/69 (23%) | 1 | ||
| Lives in rural area | 33/202 (16%) | 11/69 (16%) | 1·03 | 0·49 to 2·17 | 0.94 |
| Lives with others | 29/202 (14%) | 10/69 (14%) | 1·01 | 0·47 to 2·20 | 0.98 |
| Number of financially dependent children, mean (±SD) | 0·8 (1·1) | 0·7 (1·1) | 1·02 | 0·80 to 1·31 | <0.01 |
| Main income earner | 153/201 (76%) | 47/68 (69%) | 1·42 | 0·78 to 2·62 | 0.25 |
| Current non-smoker | 128/202 (63%) | 40/69 (58%) | 1·25 | 0·72 to 2·19 | 0.43 |
| Not heavy drinker | 174/202 (86%) | 59/69 (86%) | 1·05 | 0·48 to 2·30 | 0.90 |
| No illness that restricted activity before stroke | 169/202 (84%) | 54/68 (79%) | 1·33 | 0·66 to 2·66 | 0.42 |
| No other comorbid illnesses | 115/202 (57%) | 41/68 (60%) | 0·87 | 0·50 to 1·52 | 0.63 |
| No history of depression | 141/202 (70%) | 49/69 (71%) | 0·94 | 0·52 to 1·72 | 0.85 |
| Frenchay Activities Index, mean (±SD) | 31·5 (6·2) | 32·5 (7·1) | 0·98 | 0·93 to 1·02 | <0.01 |
| Work | |||||
| Worked full-time | 168/202 (83%) | 50/69 (72%) | 1·88 | 0·99 to 3·58 | 0.06 |
| *Self employed/own business | 53/115 (46%) | 12/44 (27%) | 2·28 | 1·07 to 4·87 | 0.03 |
| *Non-manual job | 114/198 (58%) | 27/68 (40%) | 2·06 | 1·18 to 3·61 | 0.01 |
| Union member | 55/173 (32%) | 16/54 (30%) | 1·11 | 0·57 to 2·16 | 0.76 |
| *Job strain index | |||||
| Hi demands/low control (high job stress) | 42/202 (21%) | 21/69 (30%) | 0·66 | 0·34 to 1·27 | 0.21 |
| Low demands/high control | 57/202 (28%) | 14/69 (20%) | 1·34 | 0·67 to 2·71 | 0.41 |
| Others (ref) | 103/202 (51%) | 34/69 (49%) | 1 | ||
| No health insurance | 86/202 (43%) | 40/68 (59%) | 0·52 | 0·30 to 0·91 | 0.02 |
| No income protection insurance | 168/201 (84%) | 58/68 (85%) | 0·88 | 0·41 to 1·89 | 0.74 |
| *Years in current job, mean (±SD) | 12·1 (11·2) | 15·6 (13·9) | 0·98 | 0·96 to 1·00 | <0.01 |
| Up to 28 days post stroke | |||||
| Stroke subtype | |||||
| Intracerebral haemorrhage (ref) | 24/202 (12%) | 9/69 (13%) | 1 | ||
| Subarachnoid haemorrhage | 1/202 (1%) | 0/69 (0%) | - | - | - |
| Ischaemic stroke | 168/202 (3%) | 57/69 (83%) | 1·11 | 0·49 to 2·52 | 0.81 |
| Unknown subtype | 9/202 (4%) | 3/69 (4%) | 2·63 | 0.28 to 24.44 | 0.40 |
| Received thrombolysis | 11/200 (6%) | 6/69 (9%) | 0·61 | 0·22 to 1·72 | 0.35 |
| Received job training/counselling/placement | 5/202 (2%) | 2/69 (3%) | 0·85 | 0·16 to 4·49 | 0.85 |
| *Independent in activities of daily living | 181/196 (92%) | 33/61 (54%) | 10·24 | 4·94 to 21·23 | <0.01 |
| Cognitively competent at 28 days | 167/195 (86%) | 41/52 (79%) | 1·60 | 0·74 to 3·48 | 0.24 |
| *Not depressed at 28 days (HADS-D<8) | 175/195 (90%) | 40/51 (78%) | 2·41 | 1·07 to 5·42 | 0.03 |
Numbers are n (%) unless otherwise specified;
*
p<0·20 in univariate analyses; ref = reference group in univariate analyses; HADS-D hospital anxiety and depression scale depression subscale score; HAD-A hospital anxiety and depression scale anxiety subscale score.
†
76 (38%) of the participants who returned to paid work had done so by their baseline visit.