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. 2012 Jul 25;7(7):e41824. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041824

Figure 3. Representative 13C-[1H]-NMR spectrum of cortical tissue extract of nicotine-treated mouse.

Figure 3

The inset depicts the resonances for Glu4 and GABA2. In Glu4, D45 and DD345 represent [4,5-13C2]glutamate and [3,4,5-13C3]glutamate, and are the product of glucose metabolism in the first and second turn of the TCA cycle, respectively. S4 and D34 indicate [4-13C]glutamate and [3,4-13C2]glutamate which are labeled from [4-13C]glutamine and [3,4-13C2]glutamine, respectively. [4-13C]Glutamine and [3,4-13C2]glutamine are the products of [2-13C]acetate metabolism in the first and second turn of the astrocytic TCA cycle, respectively. In GABA2, D1,2 represents [1,2-13C2]GABA which is the product of direct metabolism of [U-13C6]glucose in the GABAergic TCA cycle, while S2 ([2-13C]GABA) is the result of the labeling from [2-13C]acetate via astrocytic TCA cycle followed by trafficking into GABAergic neurons.