Figure 4. Concentration of ¹³C labeled (A) glutamate-C4, (B) GABA-C2 and (C) glutamine-C4 from [U-¹³C₆]glucose and [2-¹³C]acetate.

The subscripts 1 and 2 with alphabet A, B and C represent labeling from [U-¹³C₆]glucose and [2-¹³C]acetate, respectively. ¹H-[¹³C]-NMR measured ¹³C enrichment was deconvolved for the contribution of [U-¹³C₆]glucose and [2-¹³C]acetate using Eq. 1 and 2, respectively. ¹³C Concentrations of amino acids were obtained by multiplying the normalized deconvolved labeling with the total concentration. Values represent mean±SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 indicate significance of differences when compared to the respective controls.