Lungs were fixed at 12 h p.i. (A) Clogged parabronchus of MT78-infected chicken, stained with HE; the boxed region is amplified and was stained with anti-O2 antibody in (D), and by TUNEL in (G). (B) Clogged parabronchus of IMT5155-infected chicken, stained with HE; the boxed region is amplified and was stained with anti-O2 antibody in (E), and by TUNEL in (H). (C) Lung section from PBS-inoculated chicken, showing intact parabronchi, open and aerated atria and air capillaries, and absence of TUNEL-positive cells. (F) Parabronchus of UEL17-infected chicken, stained by TUNEL. (I) Parabronchus of IMT5104-infected chicken, stained by TUNEL. All E. coli-infected chickens had TUNEL-positive cells in inflamed lung areas. Scale bars, A, B and C, 200 µm; D–I, 50 µm. PL, parabronchial lumen; A, atria; AC, air capillary; S, interparabronchial septa; BV, blood vessel.