Table 1.
Descriptives on all study variables
| Measure | Mean (SD) or % | Range |
|---|---|---|
| Child demographics | ||
| Male gender | 67.5% | |
| Age | 9.0 (2.7) | 4–14 |
| Caregiver/family demographics | ||
| Age | 40.1 (10.2) | 22–69 |
| Race | ||
| White | 55.5% | |
| Hispanic | 28.8% | |
| African American | 9.4% | |
| Multiple/other race | 6.3% | |
| Education level | ||
| Some high school | 16.8% | |
| High school degree/some college | 64.9% | |
| College/grad school | 15.7% | |
| Therapist demographics | ||
| Female gender | 85.4% | |
| Age | 32.0 (8.7) | 23–56 |
| Race | ||
| White | 65.9% | |
| Hispanic | 8.5% | |
| African American | 3.7% | |
| Multiple/other race | 22.0% | |
| Child functioning at entry | ||
| Eyberg child behavior inventory problem intensity | 146.7 (36.4) | 59–237 |
| Primary diagnosis | ||
| ADHD | 38.7% | |
| Mood | 23.6% | |
| DBD | 20.4% | |
| Anxiety | 8.9% | |
| Other | 8.4% | |
| Comorbid diagnoses | 48% | |
| Parent functioning at entry | ||
| Center for epidemiological studies-depression | 15.4 (10.6) | 0–45 |
| Brief symptom inventory (global severity index) | 0.7 (0.6) | 0–2.5 |
| Family functioning at entry | ||
| Family relationship inventory | 9.2 (4.5) | −5–17 |
| Caregiver strain questionnaire | ||
| Objective | 2.4 (1.0) | 1–5 |
| Internalizing | 3.6 (1.0) | 1–5 |
| Externalizing | 2.3 (0.8) | 1–5 |
| Negative life events | 3.0 (1.7) | 0–9 |
| Therapist experience | ||
| Months in practice | 33.3 (42.7) | 0–300 |
| Licensed | 13.4% | |
| Therapist background | ||
| Discipline | ||
| Marriage & family therapy | 57.3% | |
| Psychology | 22.0% | |
| Social work | 20.7% | |
| Orientation | ||
| Family systems | 36.6% | |
| Cognitive/behavioral | 28.0% | |
| Eclectic/other | 26.8% | |
| Psychodynamic/humanistic | 8.5% | |
| Outcome variable | ||
| Parent involvementa | 0.44 (0.37) | 0–1 |
a
Parent involvement is the proportion of the session in which the therapist directed strategies towards the parent. All coded sessions were included; thus, the range of 0–1 represents those sessions in which the parent was not in the session at all (value = 0) as well as those sessions in which strategies were directed to parents throughout the entire session (value = 1)