Table 2.
Multivariable-adjusted* Mean Differences (95% Confidence Intervals) in 4-year Cognitive Change†, by Fat Quintiles.
| GLOBAL SCORE† (in standard units) | VERBAL MEMORY† (in standard units) | |
|---|---|---|
| SFA‡ | ||
| Quintile 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Quintile 2 | −0.03 (−0.10, 0.03) | −0.04 (−0.12, 0.04) |
| Quintile 3 | −0.04 (−0.11, 0.04) | −0.04 (−0.12, 0.05) |
| Quintile 4 | −0.11 (−0.19, −0.03) | −0.13 (−0.22, −0.03) |
| Quintile 5 | −0.12 (−0.20, −0.03) | −0.13 (−0.23, −0.03) |
| MUFA‡ | ||
| Quintile 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 0.06 (−0.00, 0.13) | 0.07 (−0.01, 0.15) |
| Quintile 3 | 0.11 (0.03, 0.18) | 0.10 (0.01, 0.19) |
| Quintile 4 | 0.12 (0.04, 0.21) | 0.11 (0.02, 0.21) |
| Quintile 5 | 0.17 (0.07, 0.26) | 0.16 (0.04, 0.27) |
| PUFA‡ | ||
| Quintile 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Quintile 2 | −0.03 (−0.09, 0.02) | −0.02 (−0.09, 0.05) |
| Quintile 3 | −0.05 (−0.11, 0.01) | −0.02 (−0.09, 0.05) |
| Quintile 4 | −0.03 (−0.09, 0.03) | −0.03 (−0.10, 0.05) |
| Quintile 5 | −0.03 (−0.10, 0.04) | −0.01 (−0.09, 0.07) |
| Trans‡ | ||
| Quintile 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 0.03 (−0.03, 0.10) | 0.04 (−0.03, 0.11) |
| Quintile 3 | −0.01 (−0.08, 0.05) | −0.01 (−0.09, 0.07) |
| Quintile 4 | −0.02 (−0.09, 0.05) | −0.03 (−0.11, 0.06) |
| Quintile 5 | 0.02 (−0.05, 0.09) | 0.04 (−0.05, 0.12) |
Models adjusted for age at 1st cognitive assessment (years), educational attainment (bachelor’s degree or above vs. associate’s degree), race (white/non-white), annual household income (≥$50,000/less), randomized treatment assignment (aspirin, vitamin E), other fat intake, protein intake, total energy intake, body mass index (<25, 25.0–29.9, or ≥30 kg/m2), current cigarette smoking (yes/no), postmenopausal hormone use (ever/never), history of hypertension (yes/no), history of elevated cholesterol (yes/no), history of depression (yes/no), history of diabetes (yes/no), daily alcohol consumption (yes/no), exercise (≥1 times per week/less), and all covariate-by-time interactions. For all fat types, the reference category=quintile 1 (lowest quintile of intake).
Global score combines results of TICS (Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status), category fluency, immediate and delayed recall trials of East Boston Memory Test (EBMT), and delayed recall trial of the TICS 10-word list. Verbal memory score combines results of the immediate and delayed recall trials of the EBMT and the TICS 10-word list. Mean (SD) interval between first and third waves of cognitive assessment = 4.0 (0.3) years. Adjusted mean differences were obtained from the repeated measures analysis models involving N=6,172 participants for the global score and N=6,176 participants for verbal memory.
SFA = saturated fatty acid; MUFA = mono-unsaturated fatty acid; PUFA = poly-unsaturated fatty acid; Trans = trans-unsaturated fatty acid.