Table 3.
Multivariable-adjusted Odds Ratios (95% CI) of Worst Cognitive Change over 4 years, by Quintiles of Major Fats*
| Fat Type and Cognitive Outcome | Quintile of Fat Intake | Linear Trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | P-value | |
| Saturated fat | ||||||
| Global score† | 1.0 | 1.23 (0.88, 1.71) | 1.28 (0.88, 1.87) | 1.54 (1.02, 2.33) | 1.64 (1.04, 2.58) | 0.02 |
| Verbal memory† | 1.0 | 1.35 (0.97, 1.89) | 1.39 (0.95, 2.02) | 1.63 (1.08, 2.47) | 1.65 (1.04, 2.61) | 0.02 |
| Mono-unsaturated fat | ||||||
| Global score† | 1.0 | 0.96 (0.68, 1.34) | 0.73 (0.49, 1.08) | 0.66 (0.42, 1.03) | 0.52 (0.31, 0.88) | 0.006 |
| Verbal memory† | 1.0 | 0.89 (0.64, 1.24) | 0.65 (0.44, 0.97) | 0.67 (0.43, 1.04) | 0.56 (0.34, 0.94) | 0.02 |
| Poly-unsaturated fat | ||||||
| Global score† | 1.0 | 1.28 (0.95, 1.73) | 1.23 (0.90, 1.69) | 1.33 (0.96, 1.85) | 1.37 (0.97, 1.94) | 0.09 |
| Verbal memory† | 1.0 | 1.11 (0.83, 1.49) | 0.93 (0.68, 1.27) | 1.11 (0.80, 1.53) | 1.03 (0.73, 1.46) | 0.82 |
| Trans fat | ||||||
| Global score† | 1.0 | 0.90 (0.66, 1.23) | 0.94 (0.68, 1.32) | 1.08 (0.76, 1.52) | 0.76 (0.52, 1.11) | 0.49 |
| Verbal memory† | 1.0 | 0.85 (0.62, 1.17) | 1.05 (0.75, 1.45) | 1.00 (0.71, 1.41) | 0.72 (0.49, 1.06) | 0.32 |
Models adjusted for mean-centered age at initial cognitive assessment (continuous, in years), educational attainment (bachelor’s degree or above versus associate’s degree), aspirin and vitamin E randomization assignment, race (white/non-white), household income level (≥$50,000 per year/less), body mass index (kg/m2), cigarette smoking (current/past/never), postmenopausal hormone use (ever/never), history of hypertension (yes/no), history of elevated cholesterol (yes/no), history of depression (yes/no), history of diabetes (yes/no), alcohol consumption (none/rare, 1–6 per week, >=7 per week), exercise frequency (never/rare, 1–3 times per week, >=4 times per week), other fat intake, protein intake, total energy intake, and time span between 1st and 3rd cognitive assessment (years). For all fat types, the reference category=lowest (1st) quintile of intake.
Global score combines results of the TICS (Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status), category fluency, immediate and delayed recall trials of East Boston Memory Test (EBMT), and delayed recall trial of the TICS 10-word list; verbal memory score combines results of the immediate and delayed recall trials of EBMT and the TICS 10-word list; mean (SD) span between the 1st and 3rd assessments was 4.0 (0.3) years. Of 5,084 women who participated in waves 1 and 3, there were 12 missing data on components tests required to compute the global score (N=5,072 for analysis) and 15 missing data on components tests required to compute the verbal memory composite (N=5,069 for analysis).