Figure 2.

Isx-9 increases differentiation and dendritic complexity of immature neurons and improves memory. A) Timeline for panels B–J. Nestin-GFP mice were given Veh or Isx-9 for 7d (arrows under timeline) and DCX⁺ SGZ cells were quantified at 1, 12, 30, and 60 d post-treatment (arrows above timeline). B–J) At 12 d post-treatment (B, Veh; C, Isx-9), Isx-9 mice had more DCX⁺ cells (D), and DCX⁺ immature neurons (E); Isx-9 also increased dendritic arborization (insets in B, C; sample tracings in F), including dendritic length and branching (G–I), as well as soma size (J). K–M) MWM training after 12 d of Veh or Isx-9 (K) revealed no difference in learning (L, repeated measure 2-way ANOVA; Bonferroni posttest); however, Isx-9-treated mice spent more time in the target quadrant during the probe test (M, 11 d) when the platform was removed. N) There was no difference in swim speed between Veh and Isx-9. Scale bars = 50 μm (B, C); 10 μm (B, C insets; F). n.s., not significant (P>0.05). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; unpaired t test.