Fig. 1.

Basic steps of microarray analysis: The synthetic oligonucleotides are either plotted or directly synthesized on a solid surface that can be described as a “chip” (1). Fluorescent labelled DNA samples can be used for techniques such as SNP analysis, re-sequencing applications or cDNA samples utilized in transcriptomics for gene expression analysis (2). Sequence complementarity between the probe and the sample target allows for hybridization (3). Bioinformatics tools are used to process the generated signals followed by hybridization and washing steps (4)