Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and differences between patients with and without events in the follow-up
| All patients | Event free (n = 320) | With events (n = 56) | P Value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANTHROPOMETRY | ||||
| Age (y) |
64 ± 11 |
63 ± 11 |
68 ± 10 |
0.003 |
| Sex (m) |
292 (78%) |
248 (76%) |
44 (79%) |
0.859 |
| Body mass index |
26 ± 4 |
26 ± 4 |
26 ± 4 |
0.300 |
| CAD RISK FACTORS | ||||
| Familiar history of CAD |
170 (45%) |
143 (45%) |
27 (48%) |
0.625 |
| Smoking habit |
220 (59%) |
179 (56%) |
41 (73%) |
0.015 |
| Diabetes |
77 (21%) |
66 (21%) |
11 (20%) |
0.867 |
| Hypertension |
218 (58%) |
185 (58%) |
33 (59%) |
0.876 |
| Hypercholesterolemia |
214 (57%) |
181 (57%) |
33 (59%) |
0.742 |
| # risk factors |
2.4 ± 1.1 |
2.4 ± 1.1 |
2.6 ± 1.1 |
0.159 |
| CLINIC HISTORY | ||||
| Previous CAD diagnosis |
332 (88%) |
277 (87%) |
55 (98%) |
0.012 |
| Previous myocardial infarction |
246 (65%) |
202 (63%) |
44 (79%) |
0.025 |
| NYHA classification (III class) |
22 (6%) |
11 (3%) |
11 (20%) |
<0.0001 |
| Revascularization in the follow-up |
79 (21%) |
73 (23%) |
6 (11%) |
0.040 |
| PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY | ||||
| β-blockers |
289 (77%) |
448 (78%) |
41 (73%) |
0.483 |
| Ca++−antagonist |
76 (20%) |
62 (19%) |
14 (25%) |
0.334 |
| Nitrates |
159 (42%) |
136 (43%) |
23 (41%) |
0.842 |
| Loop diuretics |
135 (36%) |
95 (30%) |
40 (71%) |
<0.0001 |
| Aldosterone antagonist |
51 (14%) |
30 (9%) |
21 (38%) |
<0.0001 |
| ACE-inhibitors/AT1-receptors antagonist |
304 (81%) |
257 (80%) |
47 (84%) |
0.526 |
| ASA |
319 (85%) |
275 (86%) |
44 (79%) |
0.156 |
| Statins |
280 (75%) |
240 (75%) |
40 (71%) |
0.572 |
| Anticoagulant |
33 (9%) |
18 (6%) |
15 (27%) |
<0.0001 |
| ECG | ||||
| Heart rate (bpm) |
65 ± 13 |
64 ± 12 |
73 ± 14 |
<0.0001 |
| Non sinusal rhythm |
12 (3%) |
7 (2%) |
5 (9%) |
0.021 |
| QRS duration (msec) |
105 ± 21 |
103 ± 19 |
112 ± 27 |
0.022 |
| QTc interval (msec) |
425 ± 34 |
421 ± 32 |
447 ± 37 |
<0.0001 |
| LV hypertrophy |
58 (15%) |
50 (14%) |
8 (16%) |
0.942 |
| LBB block |
59 (16%) |
44 (14%) |
15 (27%) |
0.013 |
| RBB block |
16 (12%) |
12 (12%) |
4 (14%) |
0.612 |
| ST segment depression |
46 (8%) |
38 (7%) |
8 (13%) |
0.176 |
| Negative T waves |
184 (49%) |
151 (47%) |
33 (59%) |
0.105 |
| Q waves |
164 (44%) |
135 (42%) |
29 (52%) |
0.181 |
| ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY | ||||
| LV EDV (ml/m2) |
59 ± 22 |
57 ± 20 |
74 ± 30 |
<0.0001 |
| LV ESV (ml/m2) |
31 ± 20 |
28 ± 16 |
49 ± 28 |
<0.0001 |
| LV EF (%) |
51 ± 13 |
53 ± 12 |
39 ± 15 |
<0.0001 |
| LV WMSI |
1.4 ± 0.5 |
1.4 ± 0.4 |
1.9 ± 0.5 |
<0.0001 |
| LV mass (g) |
188 ± 59 |
186 ± 57 |
202 ± 70 |
<0.0001 |
| LV diastolic function (≥ pseudo-normal) |
44 (12%) |
25 (8%) |
19 (34%) |
<0.0001 |
| Mitral regurgitation (≥ moderate) |
56 (15%) |
36 (11%) |
20 (36%) |
<0.0001 |
| Pulmonary hypertension |
34 (9%) |
19 (6%) |
15 (27%) |
<0.0001 |
| RVIT dilatation |
17 (5%) |
12 (4%) |
5 (9%) |
0.085 |
| RV dysfunction |
38 (10%) |
28 (9%) |
10 (18%) |
0.037 |
| LATE GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT | ||||
| Total burden (% of LV mass) |
13 ± 15 |
10 ± 12 |
28 ± 22 |
<0.0001 |
| Spatial extent (% of LV surface) |
22 ± 22 |
18 ± 19 |
42 ± 29 |
<0.0001 |
| Max transmural extent (% of wall thickness) | 55 ± 39 | 51 ± 39 | 73 ± 39 | <0.0001 |
LV = left ventricle; LBB = left bundle branch; RBB = right bundle branch; MR = mitral regurgitation; RVIT = right ventricle inflow tract.
* Pearson Chi-Square or Fisher's exact test (where appropriate) for categorical data; Student's t-test or Mann–Whitney test (# risk factors, LV WMSI, late enhancement data) for numeric data.