Table 2.
Effect of adjustment for various factors on the relative risks of ankle, wrist, and hip fractures in post-menopausal women by BMI and physical activity.
| Ankle fracture |
Wrist fracture |
Hip fracture |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population at risk n = 1,155,304 | Incident cases n = 6807 | Minimally adjusted b | Fully adjusted c RR (95% FCI a) | Incident cases n = 9733 | Minimally adjusted b | Fully adjusted c RR (95% FCI a) | Incident cases n = 5267 | Minimally adjusted b | Fully adjusted c RR (95% FCI a) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) (Mean measured) | ||||||||||
| < 20.0 (20.4) | 41,818 | 109 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.83–1.21) | 442 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.91–1.10) | 497 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.91–1.09) |
| 20.0–22.4 (22.6) | 180,331 | 660 | 1.39 | 1.41 (1.30–1.52) | 1800 | 0.94 | 0.94 (0.90–0.99) | 1168 | 0.56 | 0.62 (0.58–0.66) |
| 22.5–24.9 (25.2) | 313,534 | 1620 | 1.93 | 1.98 (1.89–2.08) | 2892 | 0.84 | 0.85 (0.82–0.88) | 1451 | 0.38 | 0.44 (0.42–0.46) |
| 25.0–27.4 (27.7) | 251,549 | 1614 | 2.37 | 2.47 (2.35–2.59) | 2079 | 0.73 | 0.74 (0.71–0.77) | 1032 | 0.32 | 0.37 (0.35–0.39) |
| 27.5–29.9 (30.2) | 162,477 | 1204 | 2.72 | 2.87 (1.71–3.04) | 1224 | 0.66 | 0.67 (0.63–0.71) | 543 | 0.26 | 0.28 (0.26–0.31) |
| 30 + (34.5) | 205,595 | 1600 | 2.90 | 3.09 (2.94–3.26) | 1296 | 0.56 | 0.57 (0.54–0.60) | 576 | 0.22 | 0.23 (0.21–0.25) |
| P-value (trend) | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | |||||||
| Strenuous exercise | ||||||||||
| Rarely/never (inactive) | 553,040 | 3295 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 4654 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 3149 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) |
| At most once per week | 356,539 | 2068 | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 2910 | 1.03 | 0.98 (0.94–1.01) | 1292 | 0.72 | 0.74 (0.70–0.79) |
| More than once per week | 245,725 | 1444 | 1.01 | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) | 2169 | 1.10 | 1.02 (0.98–1.07) | 826 | 0.65 | 0.63 (0.59–0.67) |
| P-value (trend) | .05 | .61 | <.001 | |||||||
| Any exercise | n = 1,045,666 | n = 6094 | n = 8737 | n = 4606 | ||||||
| Rarely/never (inactive) | 221,077 | 1293 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 1823 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) | 1252 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.94–1.06) |
| At most once per week | 251,069 | 1425 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.96–1.07) | 1952 | 0.99 | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 937 | 0.73 | 0.78 (0.74–0.84) |
| 2–3 times per week | 248,279 | 1395 | 0.96 | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 2088 | 1.01 | 0.94 (0.90–0.98) | 912 | 0.65 | 0.67 (0.63–0.72) |
| More than 3 times per week | 325,241 | 1981 | 1.02 | 1.11 (1.06–1.16) | 2874 | 1.05 | 0.94 (0.91–0.98) | 1505 | 0.78 | 0.72 (0.68–0.76) |
| P-value (trend) | .004 | .08 | <.001 | |||||||
a
FCI = floating confidence interval.
b
Adjusted for study region, age, and socio-economic status.
c
Adjusted for study region, age, socio-economic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, parity, use of hormone therapy, height, heart disease/thrombosis, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis, and strenuous activity (for adjustment of BMI) or BMI (for adjustment of physical activity).