Table 1.
The frequency of Rickettsia and Bartonella species in various flea and tick species sampled in Lao PDR and Sabah (Malaysia), Borneo Island.
| Animal species (number of individuals sampled) | Number (percentage) of positive pathogen detection/number of vertebrate host individuals with positives |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rickettsia spp. | Rickettsia felis | Bartonella clarridgeiae | ||
| Luang Namtha Province, Laos | ||||
| Fleas species | Host species | |||
| Ctenocephalides orientis (n = 66) | Dog (n = 7) | 59 (89.4%)/n = 7 | 59 (89.4%)/n = 7 | 3 (4.5%)/n = 2 |
| Ctenocephalides felis felis (n = 19) | Dog (n = 3) | 10 (52.6%)/n = 2 | 10 (52.6%)/n = 2 | –/n = 0 |
| Pulex irritans (n = 3) | Dog (n = 2) | –/n = 0 | –/n = 0 | –/n = 0 |
| Xenopsylla cheopis (n = 2) | Dog (n = 1) | –/n = 0 | –/n = 0 | -–/n = 0 |
| Total | Dog (n = 10) | 69 (76.6%)/n = 7 | 69 (76.6%)/n = 7 | 3 (3.3%)b/n = 2 |
| Ticks species | Host species | |||
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n = 39) | Dog (n = 10) | –/n = 0 | –/n = 0 | –/n = 0 |
| Rhipicephalus spp. (n = 54) | Dog (n = 7) | –/n = 0 | –/n = 0 | –/n = 0 |
| Dermacentor spp. (n = 1) | Pig (n = 1) | –/n = 0 | –/n = 0 | –/n = 0 |
| Boophilus spp. (n = 2) | Cow (n = 1) | 2(100%)a/n = 1 | –/n = 0 | –/n = 0 |
| Total | Dog (n = 10); Pig (n = 1), Cow (n = 1) | 2 (2.1%)/n = 1 | – | – |
| Lice species | Host species | |||
| Haematopinus suis (n = 40) | Pig (n = 12) | –/n = 0 | –/n = 0 | –/n = 0 |
| Sabah (Malaysia), Borneo Island | ||||
| Fleas species | ||||
| Ctenocephalides orientis and Ctenocephalides felis felis (n = 360) | Dogs (n = 90) | –/n = 0 | 268 (74.4%)/n = 87 | 2 (0.6%)c/n = 2 |
a
Rickettsia sequences: sequence analysis of ompA gene [99.83% similarity with Rickettsia sp. FUJ98 (GenBank accession no. AF169629) and 95.29% similarity with Rickettsia heilongjiangensis 054 (GB no. CP002912)]; gltA gene [100% similarity with Rickettsia sp. LON-13 (GB no. AB516964) and 99.54% similarity with R. heilongjiangensis (GB no. AB473994)].
b
Bartonella sequences: sequence analysis of the intergenic spacer ITS showed 100% identity with B. clarridgeiae (GB no. EU589237).
c
Bartonella sequences: sequence analysis of the intergenic spacer ITS showed 99.27% identity with B. clarridgeiae (GB no. FN645454).