Table 4.

The influence on substance use of value-added education and school-level measures.^a

	Smoking		Drinking		Drugs
	S2	S4	S2	S4	S2	S4
Model VA
School-level variance	0.070	0	0.015	0.028	0.052	0.016
Value-added
OR (CI 95%)	1.28 (1.02–1.61)	1.13 (1.00–1.27)	1.11 (0.97–1.28)	0.94 (0.82–1.09)	1.14 (0.93–1.39)	1.02 (0.90–1.17)
p	0.034	0.049	0.135	0.403	0.197	0.717
Model VA + SLF
School-level variance	0.003	0	0.011	0.022	0.020	0.012
Value-added
OR (CI 95%)	1.35 (1.13–1.63)	1.18 (1.04–1.34)	1.14 (0.99–1.31)	0.98 (0.85–1.13)	1.21 (1.01–1.45)	1.07 (0.93–1.22)
p	0.001	0.011	0.078	0.762	0.038	0.347
Larger school roll
OR (CI 95%)	1.21 (1.04–1.41)	1.04 (0.95–1.15)	1.05 (0.94–1.17)	1.10 (0.99–1.23)	1.14 (0.97–1.31)	1.04 (0.94–1.14)
p	0.016	0.372	0.392	0.074	0.075	0.456
Non-denominational School
OR (CI 95%)	1.35 (0.43–4.24)	1.10 (0.51–2.37)	1.09 (0.48–2.49)	1.77 (0.83–3.75)	2.28 (0.70–7.39)	1.21 (0.57–2.58)
p	0.616	0.808	0.833	0.138	0.171	0.587
Poorer aggregated school-level school ethos
OR (CI 95%)	4.60 (1.57–13.45)	1.93 (1.06–3.50)	1.49 (0.67–3.32)	1.16 (0.58–2.32)	3.78 (1.33–10.7)	1.68 (0.90–3.14)
p	0.005	0.032	0.334	0.671	0.012	0.104

^aOdds ratios [95% confidence intervals] for 1SD increase in value-added scores.