Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristic | Cases | Controls | Statistical difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 108) | (N = 108) | ||
| Age, months | 7.4 [1.14]a | 7.4 [1.14] | t = − 0.06, P = 0.95 |
| Males | 54 (50.0%) | 54 (50.0%) | χ2 = 0.00, P = 1.0 |
| Irregular attendance at school | 52 (48.1%) | 47 (54.5%) | χ2 = 0.30, P = 0.59 |
| Number of children in family | 5.8 [2.5] | 5.8 [2.4] | t = − 0.07, P = 0.94 |
| Single maternal marital status | 21/104 (20.2%) | 28/102 (27.5%) | χ2 = 1.50, P = 0.23 |
| Mother's lack of income-generating activity | 67/104 (44.4%) | 61/102 (59.8%) | χ2 = 0.45, P = 0.49 |
| Father's lack of income-generating activity | 31/92 (33.7%) | 22/83 (26.5%) | χ2 = 1.07, P = 0.30 |
| Mother's age, years | 32.1 [5.9] | 32.2 [6.6] | t = − 0.21, P = 0.84 |
| Malnourished (BMI < 18.5) | 38/107 (35.5%) | 31/107 (28.9%) | χ 2 = 1.05, P = 0.31 |
| Cognitive impairment | 33 (30.6%) | 6 (5.6%) | χ2 = 22.80, P < 0.01 |
| History of abnormal developmental milestones | 27/91 (29.7%) | 17/92 (18.5%) | χ2 = 3.14, P = 0.08 |
| History of birth difficulties | 38 (35.2%) | 6 (5.6%) | χ2 = 29.22, P < 0.001 |
| History of neonatal jaundice | 13 (12.0%) | 7 (6.5%) | χ2 = 1.98, P = 0.16 |
| Incomplete immunization | 5 (4.6%) | 7 (6.5%) | χ2 = 0.35, P = 0.55 |
| Previous hospitalization | 78 (72.2%) | 38 (35.1%) | χ2 = 28.32, P < 0.01 |
| Previous hospitalization with seizures | 62 (57.4%) | 0 | χ2 = 84.18, P < 0.01 |
a
Values expressed as either mean [SD] or number (%).