Table 1.

Comparison of literature-based growth and fermentation rates with xylose as a sole carbon source^a

Strain	Strain description	Aerobic growth rate (h−1)	Xylose consumption rate (g · g−1 h−1)	Ethanol production rate (g · g−1 h−1)	Ethanol yield (g · g−1)	Reference
BY4741-S1A	Piromyces XI-expressing strain overexpressing tal1 and Δgre3	0.001	0.007	0.0032	0.46	This study
BY4741-S1A1	Piromyces XI mutant (xylA*1) strain overexpressing tal1 and Δgre3	0.001	0.0082	0.0041	0.50	This study
BY4741-S1A2	Piromyces XI mutant (xylA*2) strain overexpressing tal1 and Δgre3	0.003	0.0123	0.0060	0.49	This study
BY4741-S1A3	Piromyces XI mutant (xylA*3) strain overexpressing tal1 and Δgre3	0.009	0.0126	0.0056	0.45	This study
BY4741-S2A3K	Piromyces XI mutant (xylA*3) strain overexpressing tal1, XKS1, and Δgre3	0.061	0.057	0.024	0.42	This study
CEN.PK-RWB 202	Piromyces XI-expressing strain	0.005	NAb	NA	NA	19
CEN.PK-RWB202-AFX	Evolved strain from CEN.PK-RWB 202 for 160 days in xylose medium	0.18	0.340	0.140	0.42	22
CEN.PK- RWB217	Piromyces XI-expressing strain overexpressing XKS1, TKL1, RPE1, RKI1, and Δgre3	0.22	1.060	0.456	0.43	20
CEN.PK- TMB3066	Piromyces XI-expressing strain overexpressing XKS1, TKL1, RPE1, RKI1, HXT7, and Δgre3	0.02	0.005	0.002	0.43	16
BWY10Xyl	Clostridium XI-expressing strain (evolved industrial strain in xylose medium)	0.04	0.07	0.03	0.43	8
CEN.PK2-1C-TMB 3424	XR/XDH-expressing strain overexpressing XKS1, GAL2, TKL1, RPE1, RKI1, and Δgre3	NA	0.06	0.007	0.12	37

^aThe fermentation performances of S. cerevisiae BY4741-S1A, -S1A1, -S1A2, -S1A3, and -S2A3 were compared with previously reported results. The strains developed here have 10- to 30-fold- and 3- to 10-fold-higher rates than previously reported engineered strains for xylose isomerase pathways and oxidoreductase pathways, respectively.

^bNA, not available.