Table 3.

S. obliquus biomass and lipid yields under laboratory and outdoor RAS conditions^a

Experiment	Culture conditions (reference)	Biomass yield (g liter−1)	Lipid yield
			Volumetric yield (mg liter−1)	% Dry cell weight
Laboratory batch culture	Controld	1.0 ± 0.14 c	117.8 ± 1.8 a	11.7 ± 0.81 a
	Optimized conditionsc (17)	0.38 ± 0.04 a	221.5 ± 3.2 b	58.3 ± 1.01 d
	15 g liter−1 glucose (17)	5.1 ± 0.17 g	585.9 ± 9.2 c	10.5 ± 0.87 a
	15 g liter−1 glucose under optimized conditionsc (17)	4.4 ± 0.09 f	2,160.1 ± 19.5 g	48.6 ± 0.58 c
	20 g liter−1 PL under optimized conditionsc (18)	1.9 ± 0.22 e	957.4 ± 2.1 e	51.2 ± 1.19 c
	MSSTD + 15 g liter−1 PL under optimized conditionsc (18)	2.0 ± 0.21 e	1048.9 ± 7.7 f	52.7 ± 1.31 c
	FPD + 15 g liter−1 PL under optimized conditionsc (18)	1.8 ± 0.23 de	947.4 ± 5.8 e	53.8 ± 0.92 cd
Outdoor RAS	FPD	0.53 ± 0.12 b	103.9 ± 1.4 a	19.6 ± 0.21 b
	FPD + 5 g liter−1 PL	1.5 ± 0.33 d	269.7 ± 2.5 b	18.0 ± 1.34 b
	FPD + 5 g liter−1 PL,c summer	1.4 ± 0.29 d	780.8 ± 3.8 d	55.8 ± 2.04 d
	FPD + 5 g liter−1 PL,c rainy seasone	1.4 ± 0.22 d	767.3 ± 4.3 d	54.8 ± 1.4 cd
	FPD + 5 g liter−1 PL,c wintere	1.4 ± 0.31 d	792.9 ± 2.5 d	56.6 ± 1.14 d

^aValues are means ± standard errors (n = 3).

^bValues within a column followed by different letters are significantly different from each other (P < 0.05, Duncan's new multiple range test). A separate analysis was done for each column.

^cOptimized conditions: the cultures were grown in medium containing 0.04 g liter⁻¹ nitrate, 0.03 g liter⁻¹ phosphate, and 1.0 g liter⁻¹ thiosulphate at the second stage for 8 days (17).

^dControl: grown in N 11 medium for 21 days (24).

^eArtificial light was provided for 1 h (30 μE m⁻² s⁻¹) in the rainy season and 2 h (70 μE m⁻² s⁻¹) in winter.