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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Placenta. 2011 Dec 31;33(3):188–194. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.12.007

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

IL-1β and TNF-α increase M-CSF mRNA and protein expression in first trimester decidual cells. Leukocyte-free first trimester decidual cells were primed with estradiol (E) + medroxyprogesterone acetate (M), then incubated with steroids alone (EM) or with steroids plus IL-1β (EMI) or TNF-α (EMT) for 6 h (for qRT-PCR) or 24 h (for ELISA). The results are normalized to β-actin and total cell protein for (A) qRT-PCR and (B) ELISA for M-CSF mRNA and protein, respectively. The results are reported as the mean ± SEM. (n = 3–6; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005).