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Interplay between alcohol and HIV protease inhibitors on hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and injury. HIV PI, HIV protease inhibitor; CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E1; Hcy, homocysteine; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SERCA, the Sarco/ER Calcium-ATPase; Cyto Ca2+, cytoplasmic calcium; ER Ca2+, calcium within the ER. ↑, level is up; ↓, level is down. Solid lines indicate potential direct effects and dotted lines indicate potential indirect effects.
