Table 1.
Selected personal characteristicsa of study sample, according to gender and sleep duration
| Males | Females | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep duration (hours/day) | Sleep duration (hours/day) | |||||||
| <7 | 7–9 | >9 | p-value | <7 | 7–9 | >9 | p-value | |
| n (%) | 140 (14.7) | 642 (67.2) | 173 (18.1) | 103 (9.8) | 696 (66.2) | 252 (24.0) | ||
| Trouble going to sleep/staying asleep, % very much | 32.1 | 14.9 | 13.5 | <0.001 | 45.7 | 29.0 | 20.0 | <0.001 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 25.5 (1.8) | 25.5 (1.5) | 25.0 (1.8) | <0.0011 | 25.2 (1.6) | 25.4 (1.6) | 25.0 (1.9) | 0.008 |
| Ethnicity (%): | <0.001 | 0.011 | ||||||
| White | 42.8 | 57.5 | 41.8 | 43.2 | 52.6 | 42.2 | ||
| Black | 17.6 | 12.1 | 21.9 | 26.2 | 17.3 | 25.1 | ||
| Hispanic | 7.9 | 6.6 | 4.0 | 2.6 | 6.0 | 3.5 | ||
| Asian | 22.0 | 17.1 | 26.1 | 18.3 | 17.3 | 18.6 | ||
| Mixed/Otherb | 9.7 | 6.7 | 6.1 | 9.8 | 6.9 | 10.7 | ||
| SES and family structure: | ||||||||
| Parent (%) | 28.7 | 26.0 | 20.1 | 0.18 | 44.1 | 30.2 | 36.7 | 0.008 |
| Married/significant partner (%) | 37.1 | 46.3 | 33.3 | 0.007 | 39.4 | 33.2 | 27.3 | 0.021 |
| Not difficult to live on income (%) | 20.4 | 28.9 | 18.8 | 0.008 | 15.8 | 26.8 | 18.7 | 0.013 |
| College graduate (%) | 12.8 | 34.9 | 19.6 | <0.001 | 30.2 | 40.0 | 27.0 | <0.001 |
| Psychosocial and comorbid conditions: | ||||||||
| Depression, ever diagnosed (%) | 18.2 | 12.6 | 13.2 | 0.21 | 39.2 | 23.6 | 34.1 | <0.001 |
| Depressive symptoms scale, mean (SD) | 7.3 (2.3) | 6.8 (2.2) | 6.8 (2.2) | 0.035 | 8.0 (2.2) | 7.8 (2.2) | 7.4 (2.1) | 0.004 |
| Diet and physical activity: | ||||||||
| Breakfast on 5–7 days/ past week (%) | 33.9 | 36.8 | 24.4 | 0.010 | 22.0 | 33.3 | 22.6 | <0.001 |
| No fast food in past week (%) | 23.0 | 24.4 | 15.2 | 0.037 | 35.0 | 39.4 | 29.6 | 0.34 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day), mean (SD) | 2,430 (1,053) | 2,099 (918) | 2,228 (862) | 0.012 | 1,819 (807) | 2,093 (953) | 1,946 (773) | 0.017 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverage (svg/d), mean (SD) | 1.2 (1.5) | 1.2 (1.8) | 1.0 (1.2) | 0.13 | 0.82 (1.1) | 0.72 (1.1) | 0.63 (1.0) | 0.23 |
| MVPAc (hours/week), mean (SD) | 5.0 (4.9) | 5.1 (4.1) | 4.2 (4.8) | 0.057 | 3.6 (4.0) | 3.6 (3.4) | 3.0 (3.3) | 0.039 |
| Screen time (hours/week), mean (SD)d | 49.0 (31.1) | 52.0 (27.4) | 41.5 (24.8) | <0.001 | 29.9 (18.5) | 34.9 (20.1) | 32.1 (19.6) | 0.053 |
a
P-value for continuous variables from type III sum of squares.
b
Mixed/other ethnicity includes study participants who identified as Native American or who identified as more than one listed ethnicity.
c
MVPA=moderate/vigorous physical activity.
d
Screen time is the sum of reported time spent watching TV/videos, using the computer, or playing sedentary video games.