Table 3.
Virus-induced gene silencing in soybean
| Virus | Target gene | Tissues assayed | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bean pod mottle virus | Phytoene desaturase gene | Leaf | Photo-bleaching | Zhang and Ghabrial 2006, Zhang et al. 2010 |
| Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein-desaturase gene | Leaf, stem, flower, root and seed | Reduced oleic acid, increased stearic acid and SA and resistance to pathogens | Kachroo et al. 2008 | |
| RAR1 and SGT1 | Leaf | Compromised resistance against SMV and P. syringae | Fu et al. 2009 | |
| Actin gene | Leaf and root | Severe mosaic, leaf deformation, stunting and reduced SMV accumulation | Zhang et al. 2009 | |
| Rebosomal protein genes Rps6 and Rps13 | Leaf and root | Very severe foliar symptoms and stunted root growth | ||
| Mpk4A and Mpk4B | Leaf and root | Stunting | ||
| Sgt1A and Sgt1B | Leaf and root | Mild symptom similar to the empty vector-infected control | ||
| Candidate genes for soybean rust resistance | Leaf | Compromised resistance against P. pachyrhizi | Meyer et al. 2009 | |
| Candidate genes for soybean rust resistance | Leaf | Compromised resistance against P. pachyrhizi | Pandey et al. 2011 | |
| Fatty acid desaturase gene FAD3 | Root, stem, leaf, petiole and seed | Increased seed size and susceptibility to P. syringae and BPMV accumulation | Singh et al. 2011 | |
| Cucumber mosaic virus | Chalcone synthase gene | Seed coat and leaf | Loss of pigmentation in seed coat | Nagamatsu et al. 2007 |
| Chalcone synthase gene | Seed (cotyledon) | Reduced isoflavone | ||
| Flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase gene | Leaf | Reduced quercetin | ||
| Flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase gene | Leaf and pubescence | Changes in pubescence color | Nagamatsu et al. 2009 | |
| GmTFL1b | Node, pod, and root | Reduced node number | Liu et al. 2010 | |
| Apple latent spherical virus | Phytoen desaturase gene | Leaf, pod, seed coat and embryo | Photo-bleaching | Yamagishi and Yoshikawa 2009 |
| Isoflavone synthase 2 gene | Seed (cotyledon) | Reduced isoflavone content |
Abbreviations: SA, salicylic acid; RAR1, required for Mla12-mediated resistance; SGT1, suppressor of G2 allele of skp1; SMV, Soybean mosaic virus; P. syringae, Pseudomonas syringae; Mpk, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase; TFL, terminal flower; P. pachyrhizi, Phakopsora pachyrhizi; BPMV, Bean pod mottle virus.