Fig. 2.

Equations presented in the main text reduce citations from nontheoretical articles, whereas equations presented in an appendix do not. The graphs show the mean (±SEM) number of citations by nontheoretical papers for cited articles of differing length and number of equations per page, when those equations are presented in the main text (A) or an appendix (B). For illustration purposes only, the number of equations per page was binned into the ranges shown on the x axis; note that the data were not binned for the statistical analysis.