Table 2. Baseline characteristics.
| Cases | Controls | p-value | |
| (n = 370) | (n = 370) | ||
| Gender, female/male | 88/282 | --- | |
| Age, years | 48 (47–48) | --- | |
| BMI *, kg/m2 | 27.4 (27.0–27.8) | 26.5 (26.1–26.9) | 0.003 |
| WHR † | 0.89 (0.88–0.90) | 0.88 (0.87–0.89) | 0.011 |
| Hypertension | 194 (52%) | 162 (44%) | 0.015 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 140 (139–142) | 136 (135–138) | 0.002 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 85 (84–86) | 83 (82–84) | 0.003 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 242 (65%) | 146 (39%) | <0.0005 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13 (4%) | 4 (1%) | 0.049 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 6.8 (6.6–6.9) | 6.0 (5.9–6.2) | <0.0005 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 2.53 (2.35–2.70) | 2.05 (1.91–2.18) | <0.0005 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | |||
| Women | 1.37 (1.29–1.45) | 1.49 (1.40–1.58) | 0.024 |
| Men | 1.13 (1.08–1.17) | 1.22 (1.18–1.26) | <0.0005 |
| Smoking | |||
| Never | 68 (19%) | 114 (32%) | |
| Former | 67 (18%) | 81 (23%) | |
| Current | 228 (63%) | 156 (44%) | <0.0005 |
| Framingham risk score | |||
| Women | 13.1 (12.0–14.2) | 9.3 (8.1–10.5) | <0.0005 |
| Men | 13.4 (13.0–13.9) | 11.6 (11.1–12.1) | <0.0005 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 37 (10%) | 20 (5%) | 0.022 |
| Family history ‡ | 100 (27%) | 54 (15%) | 0.001 |
*
Body mass index (BMI).
†
Waist hip ratio (WHR).
‡
Myocardial infarction before 60 years in first-degree relatives.