Table 3. Relationship between water-pipe smoking and metabolic syndrome.

	Metabolic syndrome				Metabolic syndrome
	Males				Females
	Univariate analysis	P-value	Multivariate analysis	P-value	Univariate analysis	P-value	Multivariate analysis	P-value
	OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
Water-pipe smoking status
Non smokers	reference		reference		reference		reference
Current smokers	3.52 (2.32–5.37)	<0.01	3.16 (1.97–5.07)	<0.01	3.41 (2.37–4.89)	<0.01	3.28 (2.22–4.84)	<0.01
Age at screening (years)
30–39	reference		reference		reference		reference
40–49	5.57 (1.61–19.33)	<0.01	5.45 (1.55–19.18)	<0.01	2.60 (1.45–4.66)	<0.01	2.10 (1.14–3.87)	0.02
50–59	16.01 (4.83–53.00)	<0.01	13.98 (4.16–47.04)	<0.01	5.10 (2.88–9.05)	<0.01	4.45 (2.44–8.07)	<0.01
60–75	33.38 (10.33–107.82)	<0.01	27.03 (8.26–88.51)	<0.01	5.47 (3.16–9.47)	<0.01	4.91 (2.78–8.67)	<0.01
Social class
Professional	reference		reference		reference		reference
Non-manual workers	0.39 (0.25–0.62)	<0.01	0.51 (0.32–0.83)	<0.01	0.35 (0.24–0.52)	<0.01	0.35 (0.23–0.53)	<0.01
Manual workers	0.10 (0.06–0.19)	<0.01	0.16 (0.08–0.29)	<0.01	0.16 (0.10–0.24)	<0.01	0.16 (0.11–0.26)	<0.01

Multivariate models include all co-variates presented in the table.