Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease at Enrollment by Family History of Diabetes Status*
| Family History of Diabetes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Yes (N=596) | No (N=473) | Total (N=1069) | P† | |
| Age at enrollment (years) | 50.4 ± 11.6 | 48.6 ± 12.0 | 49.6 ± 11.8 | 0.02 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.5 ± 6.1 | 33.9 ± 6.6 | 34.2 ± 6.4 | 0.03 |
| Gender | <0.0001 | |||
| Male | 188 (31.5%) | 207 (43.8%) | 395 (36.9%) | |
| Female | 408 (68.5%) | 266 (56.2%) | 674 (63.1%) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.12 | |||
| Hispanic | 73 (12.3%) | 44 (9.3%) | 117 (10.9%) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 523 (87.7%) | 429 (90.7%) | 952 (89.1%) | |
| Race | 0.02 | |||
| Whites | 498 (86.8%) | 419 (91.5%) | 917 (88.9%) | |
| Non-Whites | 76 (13.2%) | 39 (8.5%) | 115 (11.1%) | |
| Diabetes status‡ | <0.0001 | |||
| Diabetes | 229 (39.3%) | 89 (19.2%) | 318 (30.4%) | |
| Pre-diabetes | 188 (32.3%) | 183 (39.4%) | 371 (35.4%) | |
| Normoglycemia | 166 (28.5%) | 192 (41.4%) | 358 (34.2%) | |
| Steatohepatitis | 0.03 | |||
| Definite | 354 (59.4%) | 252 (53.4%) | 606 (56.7%) | |
| Borderline | 124 (20.8%) | 94 (19.9%) | 218 (20.4%) | |
| None | 118 (19.8%) | 126 (26.7%) | 244 (22.9%) | |
| Any fibrosis | <0.001 | |||
| Any | 472 (79.9%) | 330 (70.5%) | 802 (75.7%) | |
| None | 119 (20.1%) | 138 (29.5%) | 257 (24.3%) | |
| Advanced fibrosis | <0.01 | |||
| Advanced | 194 (50.9%) | 137 (39.7%) | 331 (45.6%) | |
| Mild/None | 187 (49.1%) | 208 (60.3%) | 395 (54.4%) | |
| Cirrhosis | 0.45 | |||
| Yes | 50 (8.4%) | 46 (9.7%) | 96 (9.0%) | |
| No | 546 (91.6%) | 427 (90.3%) | 973 (91.0%) | |
| PNPLA3, SNP rs738409 | 0.91 | |||
| GG | 123 (27.3%) | 101 (27.7%) | 224 (27.5%) | |
| CC/GC | 327 (72.7%) | 264 (72.3%) | 591 (72.5%) | |
Values are N (%) or means ± SD
P values derived from chi-square for categorical variables and from Wilcoxon Rank Sum test for age at enrollment and BMI
Patients were categorized as diabetic based on patient/physician report of diagnosis on the baseline medical history; pre-diabetes was defined as fasting glucose between 100–125 mg/dL or hemoglobin A1c between 5.7–6.4%; normoglycemia was defined as fasting glucose<100 mg/dL and hemoglobin A1c less than 5.7%. Patients with discordant results (e.g., glucose<100 mg/dL and hemoglobin A1c>6.4% or patients without diagnosis of diabetes but with laboratory values in the diabetic range) were set to missing (N=22).
Significant p-values are shown in bold in all tables