Treatment of A431 and SCC13 cells with GSPs for 5 days decreases the levels of 5-mC dose-dependently. 5-aza-dc, an inhibitor of 5-mC, was used as a positive control. (A & D) Dot-blot analysis of 5-mC in DNA extracted from various groups treated with or without GSPs. (B & E) Dot-blot data are presented in terms of relative density of dot-blots as means ± SD in different treatment groups, n=3. (C & F) Effect of GSPs and 5-aza-dc on genomic DNA methylation levels in A431 and SCC13 cells. DNA methylation at 5-cytosine was detected using an anti-5-mC antibody and samples loading was determined by staining total DNA with methylene blue. The intensity of individual dot was measured by densitometry and levels of 5-mC were normalized by total DNA. Data are mean ± SD from three separate experiments. Significant difference versus control (non-GSPs-treated group), *P<0.001, **P<0.05.