Table 1.
Characteristics of the mothers and children at birth 5 years and 9.5 years in the Mysore Parthenon cohort
| Variable | Boys N=244 | Girls N=267 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean / [%] |
(SD) | N | Mean / [%] |
(SD) | |
| Maternal | ||||||
| 25(OH)D (nmol/l)* | 24 4 |
38.0 | (23.5, 53.75) |
267 | 40.5 | (23.75, 61.5) |
| Age (years) | 24 4 |
24.0 | (4.3) | 267 | 23.9 | (4.3) |
| 5 years | ||||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24 3 |
13.6 | (1.1) | 263 | 13.6 | (1.2) |
| Height (cm) | 24 3 |
106.6 | (4.3) | 263 | 105.1 | (4.4) |
| Arm muscle area (cm2) | 24 3 |
13.7 | (1.8) | 263 | 12.9 | (1.8) |
| Subscapular skinfold (mm)* | 24 3 |
5.4 | (4.8, 6.2) | 263 | 6.0 | (5.1, 7.7) |
| Triceps skinfold (mm)* | 24 3 |
7.2 | (6.3, 8.5) | 263 | 8.0 | (6.9, 9.8) |
| Waist (cm) | 24 3 |
46.0 | (2.8) | 262 | 46.0 | (2.8) |
| Fat mass (kg) | 24 2 |
3.6 | (0.9) | 263 | 4.1 | (1.1) |
| Fat percentage | 24 2 |
23.2 | (4.9) | 263 | 27.4 | (5.1) |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 24 2 |
11.9 | (1.6) | 263 | 10.9 | (1.4) |
| Fat-free percentage | 24 2 |
76.9 | (4.9) | 263 | 72.6 | (5.1) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 24 1 |
4.8 | (0.5) | 261 | 4.8 | (0.5) |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/l)* | 24 1 |
17.8 | (11.3, 28.2) | 261 | 22.5 | (15.0, 34.7) |
| Insulin resistance (HOMA)* | 24 1 |
0.6 | (0.4, 1.0) | 260 | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.2) |
| 30-minute insulin increment* | 23 9 |
15.0 | (9.1, 26.0) | 257 | 19.8 | (12.9, 27.8) |
| Triglyceride (mmol/l)* | 24 2 |
0.8 | (0.6, 1.1) | 261 | 0.8 | (0.6, 1.1) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 24 2 |
3.5 | (0.6) | 261 | 3.5 | (0.8) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 24 2 |
1.1 | (0.3) | 261 | 1.1 | (0.4) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 24 3 |
97.7 | (8.5) | 261 | 95.9 | (8.1) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 24 3 |
58.6 | (6.7) | 261 | 57.7 | (6.8) |
| 9.5 years | ||||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22 5 |
14.7 | (1.8) | 244 | 14.7 | (2.0) |
| Height (cm) | 22 5 |
131.6 | (5.5) | 244 | 130.6 | (6.0) |
| Arm muscle area (cm2) | 22 5 |
18.5 | (3.1) | 244 | 17.3 | (3.3) |
| Subscapular skinfold (mm)* | 22 5 |
6.3 | (5.4, 8.1) | 243 | 8.0 | (6.3, 10.4) |
| Triceps skinfold (mm)* | 22 5 |
8.4 | (7.0, 10.2) | 244 | 10.4 | (8.6, 13.3) |
| Waist (cm) | 22 5 |
54.5 | (5.3) | 243 | 54.7 | (5.9) |
| Fat mass (kg) | 22 5 |
6.3 | (2.3) | 244 | 7.7 | (2.7) |
| Fat percentage | 22 5 |
24.4 | (6.2) | 244 | 30.1 | (5.9) |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 22 5 |
19.2 | (3.0) | 244 | 17.5 | (3.0) |
| Fat-free percentage | 22 5 |
75.6 | (6.2) | 244 | 69.9 | (5.9) |
| Grip strength (kg) | 22 5 |
12.5 | (2.2) | 244 | 10.8 | (2.0) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 22 1 |
4.7 | (0.4) | 240 | 4.7 | (0.4) |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/l)* | 22 1 |
19.8 | (12.0, 28.8) | 240 | 27.0 | (17.7, 36.3) |
| Insulin resistance (HOMA)* | 22 1 |
0.7 | (0.4, 1.0) | 240 | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.2) |
| 30-minute insulin increment* | 21 3 |
26.2 | (16.8, 45.5) | 236 | 35.8 | (21.6, 50.5) |
| Triglyceride (mmol/l)* | 22 1 |
0.8 | (0.6, 1.0) | 240 | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.2) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 22 1 |
3.8 | (0.6) | 240 | 3.9 | (0.7) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 22 1 |
1.1 | (0.2) | 240 | 1.1 | (0.2) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 22 5 |
102.4 | (8.5) | 244 | 100.1 | (8.5) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 22 5 |
58.7 | (7.0) | 244 | 58.2 | (6.4) |
*
Median (IQR)