Table 1.

Comparison of Tissue Effects of 4 Energy Modalities⁴

	Monopolar	Traditional Bipolar	Advanced Bipolar	Ultrasonic
Tissue Effect	Cutting, Coagulation	Coagulation	Cutting, coagulation	Cutting, coagulation
Power Setting	50–80 W	30–50W	DEFAULT	55,000 Hz frequency
Thermal Spread	Not well assessed	2–6mm	1–4mm	1–4mm
Maximum Temperature	>100°C	>100°C	Not well assessed	<80°C
Vessel Sealing Ability	Not applicable	Not applicable	Seals vessels ≤7mm	Seals vessels ≤5mm
Technique	Not applicable	Not applicable	Tension free application	Tension free application