Table 2.
Odds ratios (OR) for the impact of educational level on chronic diseases
| |
Men |
Women |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
|
Diabetes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Required schooling only |
1.37 |
(0.82-2.30) |
0.227 |
3.68 |
(1.69-8.00) |
0.001 |
|
Required schooling plus apprenticeship |
1.31 |
(0.82-2.11) |
0.265 |
2.46 |
(1.12-5.39) |
0.025 |
|
Vocational (BMS) |
1.15 |
(0.65-2.05) |
0.632 |
2.09 |
(0.93-4.69) |
0.073 |
|
High school (AHS/BHS) |
1.85 |
(1.10-3.12) |
0.020 |
1.85 |
(0.80-4.31) |
0.153 |
|
Hypertension |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Required schooling only |
1.42 |
(1.06-1.90) |
0.019 |
2.54 |
(1.84-3.51) |
<0.001 |
|
Required schooling plus apprenticeship |
1.59 |
(1.23-2.06) |
<0.001 |
1.69 |
(1.23-2.34) |
0.001 |
|
Vocational (BMS) |
1.09 |
(0.80-1.51) |
0.581 |
1.47 |
(1.06-2.06) |
0.022 |
|
High school (AHS/BHS) |
1.51 |
(1.13-1.41) |
<0.001 |
1.27 |
(0.89-1.81) |
0.194 |
|
Myocardial Infarction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Required schooling only |
2.08 |
(0.94-4.63) |
0.071 |
4.42 |
(0.50-39.00) |
0.180 |
|
Required schooling plus apprenticeship |
2.01 |
(0.94-4.31) |
0.074 |
3.90 |
(0.44-34.81) |
0.223 |
|
Vocational (BMS) |
1.58 |
(0.64-3.92) |
0.321 |
3.52 |
(0.38-32.61) |
0.268 |
|
High school (AHS/BHS) |
1.80 |
(0.76-4.28) |
0.184 |
2.11 |
(0.20-22.24) |
0.535 |
|
Stroke |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Required schooling only |
8.45 |
(1.67-42.66) |
0.010 |
1.06 |
(0.47-2.41) |
0.887 |
|
Required schooling plus apprenticeship |
7.77 |
(1.57-38.52) |
0.012 |
0.75 |
(0.32-1.74) |
0.501 |
|
Vocational (BMS) |
7.70 |
(1.59-38.53) |
0.017 |
0.54 |
(0.21-1.36) |
0.192 |
|
High school (AHS/BHS) |
7.03 |
(1.32-37.56) |
0.023 |
0.74 |
(0.28-1.92) |
0.737 |
|
Anxiety disorders or depression |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Required schooling only |
0.69 |
(0.44-1.08) |
0.107 |
1.18 |
(0.81-1.72) |
0.404 |
|
Required schooling plus apprenticeship |
0.67 |
(0.44-0.98) |
0.042 |
1.07 |
(0.74-1.56) |
0.713 |
|
Vocational (BMS) |
0.83 |
(0.51-1.37) |
0.467 |
0.99 |
(0.67-1.47) |
0.964 |
|
High school (AHS/BHS) |
0.62 |
(0.39-0.99) |
0.047 |
1.07 |
(0.72-1.59) |
0.754 |
|
Overweight |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Required schooling only |
1.82 |
(1.45-2.28) |
<0.001 |
2.79 |
(2.24-3.47) |
<0.001 |
|
Required schooling plus apprenticeship |
1.77 |
(1.47-2.13) |
<0.001 |
1.56 |
(1.27-1.93) |
<0.001 |
|
Vocational (BMS) |
1.42 |
(1.13-1.78) |
0.002 |
1.62 |
(1.31-2.02) |
<0.001 |
|
High school (AHS/BHS) |
1.31 |
(1.07-1.61) |
0.009 |
1.10 |
(0.88-1.37) |
0.426 |
|
Obesity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Required schooling only |
1.82 |
(1.27-2.61) |
<0.001 |
2.83 |
(1.96-4.08) |
<0.001 |
|
Required schooling plus apprenticeship |
2.17 |
(1.57-2.98) |
<0.001 |
1.65 |
(1.15-2.38) |
0.007 |
|
Vocational (BMS) |
1.26 |
(0.85-1.87) |
0.244 |
1.81 |
(1.24-2.63) |
0.002 |
| High school (AHS/BHS) | 1.36 | (0.95-1.96) | 0.095 | 1.20 | (0.81-1.79) | 0.371 |
Results of a binary logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, occupational group, net household income, family status, smoking status, eating regularly a diet rich in meat, and lack of regular vigorous exercise in leisure time with the reference category of university education.