Table 1.
Mean (± 95% CI) mainstream smoke toxicant emissions per waterpipe use session for tobacco and non-tobacco waterpipe preparations. Smoke was generated by a machine that played back digital recordings of individual puff topography records generated by 31 waterpipe smokers who each smoked a tobacco and a non-tobacco preparation under controlled conditions (topography records did not differ by preparation smoked, see Blank et al., 2011). Toxicant emissions from previous studies of Kentucky Reference cigarettes (2R4F and 3R4F) are provided for comparison. Cigarette emissions data are given per cigarette smoked using 35 ml puff volume of 2 s duration at a frequency of 1 puff/min.
| Toxicant | Waterpipe preparation (mean ± 95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tobacco | non-tobacco | p | Ref. Cigarette | |
| Nicotine, mg | 1.04 ± 0.30 | < 0.01 | < 0.001 | 0.73a |
| Carbon monoxide, mg | 155 ± 49 | 159 ± 42 | n.s. | 12.0a |
| Nitric oxide, g | 437 ± 207 | 386 ± 116 | n.s. | 218.1c |
| Tar, mg | 464 ± 159 | 513 ± 115 | n.s. | 9.4a |
| TPM, mg | 770 ± 228 | 855 ± 192 | n.s. | 11a |
| Carcinogenic PAH, ng | ||||
| Benz (a)anthracene | 86.4 ± 15.2 | 113 ± 46 | n.s. | 14.1b |
| Chrysene | 106 ± 16 | 124 ± 36 | n.s. | 16.2b |
| Benzo(b+k)fluoranthenes | 64.7 ± 11.3 | 72.9 ± 12.6 | n.s. | 7.6b |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | 51.8 ± 12.9 | 66.1 ±17.8 | n.s. | 6.6b |
| Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | 47.3 ± 10.7 | 44.3 ± 10.4 | n.s. | 3.8b |
| Volatile aldehydes, μg | ||||
| Formaldehyde | 58.7 ± 21.6 | 117.6 ± 78.7 | n.s. | 20.6c |
| Acetaldehyde | 383 ± 121 | 566 ± 370 | n.s. | 587.4c |
| Acetone | 118 ± 36 | 163± 68 | n.s. | 270.4c |
| Propionaldehyde | 51.7 ± 15.3 | 98.4 ± 65.0 | n.s. | 49.0c |
| Methacrolein | 12.2 ± 4.4 | 20.4 ± 9.7 | n.s. | |