Table 1.
General characteristics of the study population.
| Variable | Ethnicity | Without T2D | With T2D | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | AA | 51.1 ± 8.7 | 54.5 ± 10.2 | 0.007 |
| Mean ± SD | HA | 53.5 ± 10.7 | 57.8 ± 10.1 | 0.001 |
| CA | 63.0 ± 10.9 | 65.2 ± 11.8 | 0.069 | |
|
| ||||
| Gender N (%) | AA-F | 54 (51.9) | 64 (53.3) | 0.893 |
| AA-M | 50 (48.0) | 56 (46.7) | ||
| HA-F | 57 (50.0) | 72 (54.5) | 0.523 | |
| HA-M | 57 (50.0) | 60 (45.4) | ||
| CA-F | 113 (66.5) | 116 (62.0) | 0.439 | |
| CA-M | 57 (33.5) | 71 (38.0) | ||
|
| ||||
| AA | 48 (40.0) | 47 (36.4) | 0.327 | |
| Currently smoking (yes) (N%) | HA | 7 (5.8) | 9 (6.5) | 0.514 |
| CA | 28 (16.2) | 30 (16.0) | 0.533 | |
|
| ||||
| AA | 14 (13.5) | 22 (18.2) | 0.526 | |
| Education < HS degree/GED | HA | 43 (37.7) | 71 (53.8) | 0.020 |
| CA | 79 (46.2) | 99 (52.7) | 0.320 | |
|
| ||||
| AA | 29 (27.9) | 61 (51.3) | <0.001 | |
| BMI 4th Quartile N (%) (> 34 kg/m2) | HA | 17 (15.0) | 18 (13.6) | 0.520 |
| CA | 27 (15.9) | 55 (29.4) | 0.017 | |
|
| ||||
| AA | 34 (32.7) | 66 (55.0) | 0.001 | |
| TV hours 4th quartile (> 4.0 hours) N (%) | HA | 8 (7.0) | 19 (14.4) | 0.065 |
| CA | 28 (16.5) | 36 (19.3) | 0.494 | |
|
| ||||
| AA | 20 (19.2) | 14 (11.7) | 0.129 | |
| HEI 4th quartile (healthiest diet score) (> 59.3) N (%) | HA | 38 (33.3) | 37 (28.0) | 0.782 |
| CA | 34 (20.0) | 63 (33.9) | 0.004 | |
|
| ||||
| AA | 35 (33.7) | 29 (24.2) | 0.404 | |
| PA (MET hr/wk) 4th quartile (highest activity) N (%) | HA | 40 (35.1) | 23 (17.4) | 0.009 |
| CA | 44 (25.9) | 31 (16.6) | 0.191 | |
Abbreviations. AA: African American; HA: Haitian American; CA: Cuban American; T2D: type 2 diabetes; F: female; M: male; BMI: body mass index; HS: high school; GED: general equivalency diploma; TV: television; HEI: Healthy Eating Index; PA: physical activity; MET: metabolic equivalents.
Notes. Age was compared using the Student t-test and reported in mean ± SD. The Chi-squared test was used to for categorical data and reported as N (%) where % are within diabetes status. A P value of 0.05 was considered significant. Physical activity (PA) was measured in metabolic equivalents (MET) per week. MET = 1 kcal·kg−1 ·h−1. One MET is the equivalent of sitting quietly.