Table 2.

Reported cases of resistance development to bacterial and viral pathogens in field populations. No cases of field-evolved resistance have been reported for entomopathogenic fungi or nematodes

Type	Pathogen	Insect order	Species
Bacterium	Bt subsp. kurstaki	Lepidoptera	Plutella xylostella*†
			Trichoplusia ni‡§
			Plodia interpunctella¶
Bacterium	Bt subsp. israelensis	Diptera	Culex pipiens**
Baculovirus	Cydia pomonella granulovirus	Lepidoptera	Cydia pomonella††

^*Kirsch and Schmutterer (1988).

^†Tabashnik et al. (1990).

^‡Janmaat and Myers (2003).

^§Franklin and Myers (2008).

^¶McGaughey (1985).

^**Paul et al. (2005).

^††Eberle and Jehle (2006).

‡‡Asser-Kaiser et al. (2007).