Figure 1.

Molecular detection of the (+) and (−) strands of CBPV RNA2 in dying workers.(+) and (−) strands of CBPV RNA2 in dying workers from the A. mellifera Japan-1, -2, -3, and -4 colonies (J1 to J4) have been detected separately by strand-specific RT-PCR. Both (+) and (−) strand RNAs are present in the dying workers; however, the relative level of (−) strand RNA in those from the Japan-4 (J4) colony is low. Control PCR reactions were performed using CBPV cDNAs (Japan-1, J1) generated with random hexamer primers (“random”) and the CBPV-specific primers or using the two sets of primers used for detecting the (+) and (−) strands of CBPV RNA2. The sizes of three bands of the molecular weight marker (MW) are shown on both sides of the gel.