Table 1.

E3 ligases and DUBs associated with cancers

Enzymes	Targets	Cancer association
E3 ligases
MDM2 (HDM2)	p53	Over-expressed in multiple cancers including soft tissue sarcoma and lung cancer (Anderson et al, 1999; Lind et al, 2006; Menin et al, 2006)
CBL	RTKs, e.g. FLT3, c-Kit	c-Cbl point mutation (Cbl-R420Q) was detected in AML and myoproliferative disorders (Grand et al, 2009)
FBW7	Myc, Jun, cyclin E, KLF5, Notch1 and TGIF1, Mcl-1	Deleted or mutated in various cancers including T-ALL (Inuzuka et al, 2011; Wertz et al, 2011)
FBX011	Bcl-6	Deleted or inactivated in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (Duan et al, 2012)
IAPs	Various substrates	Over-expressed in various cancers. C-IAP2 is associated with MALT-lymphoma (Dierlamm et al, 1999; Fulda & Vucic, 2012)
Deubiquitinases
CYLD	Various substrates including RIP1 and Bcl3	Mutated in familial cylindromatosis, inactivated in skin cancers, hepatocellular and cervical carcinoma (Bignell et al, 2000; Massoumi et al, 2006; Strobel et al, 2002)
USP7	MDM2, PTEN, FOXO4 and others	Downregulation reported in non-small cell lung cancer (Masuya et al, 2006)
A20	RIP1, RIP2, TRAF2, TRAF6, UBCH5, NEMO and others	Frequent inactivation in B-cell lymphomas (Kato et al, 2009)
Usp9x	Mcl-1, β-catenin and others	Over-expressed in follicular lymphomas and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, multiple myeloma (Schwickart et al, 2010)
Usp10	P53	Downregulated in renal cell carcinomas (Yuan et al, 2010)
DUB3	Cdc25A	Overexpression in breast cancers (Pereg et al, 2010)
Others
PTEN	Promoted ubiquitylation of EGFR through formation of EGFR–CBL complex	Inactivated in various cancers (Trotman et al, 2007)