Table 1.

Vitamin D intake recommendations during pregnancy and lactation.

Agency/Government	Recommendation
UK—for the elderly, pregnant & lactating women [173]	Dietary Reference Values 10 µg/day (400 IU/day)
UK Department of Health 2007—for pregnant and lactating women [45]	10 µg/day (400 IU/day)
UK National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence Guideline Review Panel 2007 [45]	All women should be informed about the importance for their own and their baby’s health of maintaining adequate vitamin D stores during pregnancy and whilst breast feeding and may choose to take 400 IU/day.
Canadian Paediatric Society [45]	50 μg/day (2000 IU/day) throughout pregnancy
Federal Department of Health Canada [45]	5 μg/day (200 IU/day) for pregnant and breast-feeding women
European Commission [45]	10 μg/day (400 IU/day) during pregnancy
World Health Organisation 2004 [45]	5 μg/day (200 IU/day) during pregnancy
The Institute of Medicine US 2010 [172,174]	15 μg/day (600 IU/day) in pregnant and lactating women
US Endocrine Task Force on Vitamin D 2011 [174]	37.5–50 μg/day (1500–2000 IU) in pregnant and lactating women with vitamin D deficiency.