A, relative luciferase activity was determined in PANC1 and HeLa cells transfected with VMP1 promoter-luciferase reporter and two shKRAS constructs (shKRAS (1) and shKRAS (2)) or a non-targeting control vector (NT). B, relative changes in luciferase activity in MCF10A, HPDE6, and CHO cells transfected with the VMP1 promoter-luciferase reporter and either a control vector or a KRASG12D-expressing vector for 24 h. In all panels, bars represent the mean of triplicate experimental wells ± S.E.