TABLE 2.
Functional Limitations and Healthcare Utilization in Healthy and Anxious Older Adults
| M (SD)
|
Ha | Effect Sizeb Healthy Versus GAD Without Comorbidity | Effect Sizeb Healthy Versus GAD Plus Comorbidity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy Comparisons (n = 42) | GAD Without Comorbidity (n = 81) | GAD Plus Comorbidity (n = 83) | ||||
| LLFDI | ||||||
| Activity limitation | 73.7 (6.9) | 62.4 (12.4) | 60.4 (12.8) | 38.1 | 0.21 | 0.17 |
| Participation restriction (frequency) | 62.9 (6.4) | 57.4 (8.3) | 55.9 (9.2) | 19.5 | 0.30 | 0.26 |
| MOS SF-36 | ||||||
| General health | 80.5 (13.3) | 58.8 (18.5) | 57.7 (21.6) | 41.2 | 0.18 | 0.17 |
| Physical functioning | 78.6 (18.5) | 59.4 (27.0) | 61.3 (26.8) | 16.2 | 0.31 | 0.30 |
| Mental health | 91.7 (5.5) | 59.3 (15.2) | 55.6 (16.6) | 94.7 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Vitality | 72.3 (14.5) | 46.2 (17.8) | 40.2 (20.5) | 62.9 | 0.10 | 0.12 |
| Bodily pain | 74.5 (19.7) | 55.4 (22.3) | 56.0 (25.0) | 21.7 | 0.28 | 0.25 |
| Social functioning | 97.6 (6.3) | 69.0 (22.1) | 66.0 (25.0) | 59.7 | 0.11 | 0.13 |
| Role limitations—physical health | 86.3 (21.5) | 46.3 (40.7) | 45.4 (40.5) | 33.2 | 0.22 | 0.22 |
| Role limitations—emotional health | 95.2 (15.7) | 45.7 (38.2) | 46.7 (39.5) | 51.3 | 0.16 | 0.15 |
| Health service utilization (no. of visits, past 6 months) | 3.3 (2.4) | 6.7 (7.8) | 6.3 (9.4) | 7.9 | 0.34 | 0.36 |
Note: GAD: Generalized anxiety disorder; LLFDI: Late Life Function and Disability Instrument; MOS SF-36: Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument.
a
Degrees of freedom for Kruskal-Wallis H statistic = 2; all p values <0.001 except Health Service Utilization (p = 0.02).
b
Values closer to 0 indicate larger effect sizes with GAD group having poorer scores; 0.50 indicates no difference between groups.