Table 3.
Comparisons between the Random Sample of Olmsted County Residents Who Met Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) Criteria for Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI; i.e., Cases) and Their Matcheda Non-TBI Controls for Direct Medical Care Costs and Medical Conditions in the Year before Baselineb
|
3A. Medical care costscin the year before baseline | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
|
Mean cost |
Cost difference (case's cost minus control's cost) |
||||
| No. of pairs | Cases | Controls | Mean | Median | 25th-75th percentile | p Valued | |
| Definite (moderate/severe) | 93 | $4071 | $4022 | +49 | +$35 | −$980 to +$1227 | 0.55 |
| Probable (mild) | 435 | $2186 | $2726 | −$540 | $0 | −$451 to +$801 | 0.15 |
| Possible (symptomatic) | 617 | $2163 | $1722 | +$441 | +$132 | −$297 to +$913 | <0.001 |
|
3B. Distribution of Resource Utilization Band (RUB)evalues for cases and controls in the year before baseline, n (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | p Valuef | |
| Definite (moderate/severe) | 0.18 | ||||||
| Cases, n=93 | 16 (17%) | 11 (12%) | 20 (22%) | 30 (32%) | 5 (5%) | 11 (12%) | |
| Controls, n=93 | 26 (28%) | 11 (12%) | 13 (14%) | 31 (33%) | 6 (6%) | 6 (6%) | |
| Probable (mild) | 0.14 | ||||||
| Cases, n=435 | 98 (23%) | 83 (19%) | 84 (19%) | 132 (30%) | 27 (6%) | 11 (3%) | |
| Controls, n=435 | 114 (26%) | 75 (17%) | 96 (22%) | 124 (29%) | 20 (5%) | 6 (1%) | |
| Possible (symptomatic) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Cases, n=617 | 108 (17%) | 116 (19%) | 145 (24%) | 211 (34%) | 24 (4%) | 13 (2%) | |
| Controls, n=617 | 178 (29%) | 116 (19%) | 150 (24%) | 134 (22%) | 27 (4%) | 12 (2%) | |
Controls were matched to cases for age, sex, calendar year, severity of non-head injuries at baseline, and length of follow-up.
Date of incident TBI for cases, closest REP registration date for regular controls, and relevant hospital or emergency department encounter for special controls.
Dollar values were adjusted for inflation and geographical wage differences to express costs for each year in 2007 nationally representative constant dollars.
Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Resource Utilization Bands (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2002) are aggregations of diagnosis codes into categories with similar expected costs, with 0=no relevant diagnoses, 1=healthy user, 2=low user, 3=moderate user, 4=high user, 5=very high user.
Asymptotic Wilcoxon p value; exact inference for ordered row and column contingency tables.