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. 2012 Jun 7;14(8):979–993. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nos135

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Key events in brain tumor modeling in animals. Milestones in brain tumor model development starting with transplantation of human xenografts into immunocompetent rodents in the 1940s through rodent carcinogenesis and human monolayer cell line development in the 1960s, toward the establishment of GEM models in the 1990s, and finally the establishment of xenograft models based on stem cell enrichment.