FIGURE 8:
A molecular network governed by Grhl2 regulates the lumen size by modulating epithelial barrier function. Our results indicate that Grhl2 transcriptionally regulates Cldn3 and Cldn4, as well as Rab25, for enhancing epithelial morphogenesis, in particular, increasing the size of lumen. Cldns contribute to enhancing the barrier function of the HPPL monolayer, which is essential for the expansion of a central lumen of the cyst in 3D culture. Rab25 up-regulates Cldn4 protein and also promotes its localization at TJs, which induces lumen expansion.