Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Three Categories of Macrophage Phenotypes
| Activation state | Classically activated | Wound-healing | Regulatory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Function | Tissue defense, Pro-inflammatory cytokine production, NO production | Tissue repair, Anti-inflammatory cytokine production, ECM reconstruction | Immunosuppression, Apoptotic cell uptake |
| Activating signal | IFN-γ, TNF | IL-4, IL-13 | TGF-β, IL-10, apoptotic cells |
| Secretory Products | ↑TNF, ↑IL-12, IL-6, IL-1b, MCP-1 | ↑IL-1RA, IL-10, IGF-1 | ↑IL-10, TNF, IL-6 |
↑= unregulated
