Table 1.
Quantification of the number of amino acids (calculated from proteins listed in Supplement Table 1) with posttranslational oxidative modifications.
Amino acid |
Chemical Modifications |
% |
---|---|---|
Serine | Unmodified | 91.5 |
Glucuronyl | 8.5 | |
Cysteine | Unmodified | 32.8 |
Dioxidation (cysteine sulfinic acid) | 35.7 | |
Trioxidation (cysteic acid) | 31.5 | |
Lysine | Unmodified | 53.6 |
Oxidation (hydroxy-Lys) | 26.4 | |
Dioxidation (dihydroxy-Lys) | 17.0 | |
Glucosylgalactosyl | 3.0 | |
Arginine | Unmodified | 58.5 |
Oxidation | 21.6 | |
Dioxidation (hydroperoxide) | 11.8 | |
3-deoxyglucosone (AGE derivative) | 8.1 | |
Tryptophan | Unmodified | 30.0 |
Oxidation (hydroxy-Trp/oxindolylalanine) | 22.5 | |
Dioxidation (dioxindolylalanine/N-formylkynurenine) | 13.5 | |
Kynurenin | 13.5 | |
Oxolactone | 16.5 | |
Hydroxykynurenin | 4.0 | |
Methionine | Unmodified | 49.8 |
Oxidation (Met-sulphoxide) | 30.1 | |
Dioxidation | 20.1 | |
Tyrosine | Unmodified | 87.2 |
Oxidation (meta or ortho-hydroxy phenylalanine) | 5.8 | |
Dioxidation (3,4 dihydroxy-phenylalanine (DOPA)) | 7.0 | |
Phenylalanine | Unmodified | 64.8 |
Oxidation (meta or ortho-Tyrosine) | 17.2 | |
Dioxidation (3,4 dihydroxy-phenylalanine (DOPA)) | 18.0 | |
Proline | Unmodified | 38.2 |
Oxidation (hydroxy-proline) | 37.6 | |
Dioxidation (dihydroxy-proline) | 24.2 | |
Aspartate | Unmodified | 78.5 |
Oxidation (hydroxy aspartic acid) | 21.5 | |
Histidine | Unmodified | 85.0 |
Oxidation (2-oxo-histidine) | 15.0 | |
Asparagine | Unmodified | 81.9 |
Oxidation | 18.1 |